User Benefits
- The tearing strength of fabrics can be measured in accordance with ASTM D4533.
Introduction
Every day, we change into various clothes according to the season, time of day, situation, and scene. For example, in the summer during the day we wear a T-shirt that breathes well, and in the cold winter a down jacket that keeps us warm. Also, if we work in the field, we should wear work clothes that are sturdy and easy to move in. Depending on what values are prioritized, such as comfort, functionality, and design, different performance is required for clothing, and new products are producedevery day. As clothing is a product, it requires strength evaluation to ensure a certain level of quality. ASTM D4355 describes methods for measuring the tearing strength of woven and nonwoven geotextilesthat are essential to our daily lives. This article presents an example of trapezoid tear testing of fabrics in accordancewith the ASTM D4533.
Measurement System
Table 1 shows the test configuration. For this test, an AGS-X precision universal tester and a screw type flat grip were used. Table 2 shows the test conditions. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of trapezoid tearing test specimen. Specimens for ASTM D4533 were prepared by cutting out a specimen of approx. 76 mm× 200 mm, and then marking an isosceles trapezoid template as shown by the dashed lines in Fig. 1(a), then making a 15-mm slit on the short side of the trapezoid previously marked on the specimen. The specimen was gripped so that long side of the grip face and the lateral sides of the trapezoid were matching. In addition, a hexagonal specimen as shown in Fig. 1 (b) was also introduced as an optional template. By gripping the side indicated by the red arrow and the grip face in parallel, the test can be performed without marking the specimen with an isosceles trapezoid. In this case, the strength of four kinds of specimen was evaluatedin the warp and weft directions. Fig. 2 shows a photo of the test. Although ASTM D4533 requires the use of grip faces with a width of no less than 76.2 mm and a length of 50.8 mm, this test was conducted with grip faces with a width of 150 mm and a length of 20 mm. When first placed in the grips, the fabric on the longer side of the trapezoid was loose (Fig. 2-1) and the test was conducted until the specimen tore in two pieces fromthe 15-mmslit (Fig. 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4).
Test Results
In ASTM D4533, the maximum test force during the test is the tearing strength. Fig. 3 shows the test results. The test could be conducted smoothly preventing slippage of any specimen. Table 3 summarizes the test results. The results showed a large difference of tearing strength between warp and weft directions for specimens (1) and (3), but it was small for specimens (2) and (4).
Conclusion
A table-top type universal testing instrument was used to perform a fabric tearing test (trapezoid method) that conformed to ASTM D4533. This Shimadzu test system can be used to evaluate fabric strength..
Test Results
Tensile tests using the AGS-V were conducted on three kinds of metal foil used as electrodes in lithium-ion batteries in the thermostatic chamber TCE-N300A. The test results show that the strength tended to decrease with increasing the temperature in all materials. The elongation at failure tended to increase at 180 °C for C1100 and at 100 °C and 180 °C for A1N30 and A1070. Pneumatic flat grips for foil make it possible to conduct tests without fracture nor slippage of the specimen at the clamped portion. This measurement enables the temperature dependence of the mechanical characteristics of metal foil used as electrodes for lithium-ion batteries to be easily obtained. It is expected to be applied to solving problems such as material selection and processing methods for lithium-ion batteries.
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