User Benefits
- The tensile strength of fabrics can be measured in accordance with ISO 13934-2.
- There are many kinds of grip faces, so the most suitable grip face can be selected.
Introduction
Every day, we change into various clothes according to the season, time of day, situation, and scene. For example, in the summer during the day we wear a T-shirt that breathes well, and in the cold winter a down jacket that keeps us warm. Also, if we work in the field, we should wear work clothes that are sturdy and easy to move in. Depending on what values are prioritized, such as comfort, functionality, and design, different performance is required for clothing, and new products are producedevery day. As clothing is a product, it requires strength evaluation to ensure a certain level of quality. ISO 13934 describes methods formeasuring tensile strength of woven and knitted fabrics that are essential to our daily lives, ISO 13934-1 describes the strip method, and ISO 13934-2 describes the grab method. The advantages of the grab method are that it is easy to make the specimen and is close to the way in which force is applied during actual use. It is also said that even with the same grip size, the strength tends to be greater than that of the strip method.1) This article presents an example of tensile testing of fabrics in accordancewith the ISO 13934-2 grab method.
Measurement System
Table 1 shows the test configuration. For this test, an AGS-X precision universal tester and a pneumatic type flat grip were used. Table 2 shows the test conditions. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of grab test specimen. Regarding grips, ISO 13934-2 describes the size of grip faces as “25 mm x 40 mm minimum, preferably 50 mm, on one side, 25 mm x 25 mm on the other side,” or “Positioned at right angles with 25 mm x 40 mm minimum, preferably 50mm, grip face on both sides.” In addition, “the faces of the jaws shall be smooth and flat, except that when, even with packing, the test specimen cannot be held satisfactorily with flat-faced jaws, engraved or corrugated jaws can be used to prevent slippage. Other auxiliary materials for use with either smooth or corrugated jaws to improve specimen gripping include paper, leather, plastics, or rubber.” In this test, a flat grip face was used, to prevent jaw breaks. “The width of each test specimen shall be 100mm and its length shall be long enough to secure the gauge length of 100 mm.” The specimen dimensions were 100 mm in width and long enough to secure the gauge length of 100 mm. In addition, a line parallel to either warp or weft threads was drawn at a distance 38 mm from one end of the specimen, and the specimen was mounted so that the drawn line coincides with one edge of the grips. Fig. 2 shows a photo of the test. In this case, the strength of four kinds of specimen was evaluated in the warp and weft directions.
Test Results
Fig. 3 shows the test results. ISO 13934-2 states the following criteria for determining whether a test result is included or
excluded.
Jaw breaks
A break within 5 mm of the clamping line of the grips is a jaw break. If any jaw break result falls above the lowest “normal” break result, it can be included. Using a flat grip face, it was possible to conduct the tests without a jaw break. Table 3 summarizes the test results. In these tests, it was found that there was a difference in tensile strength between warp and weft directions for specimens (1) and (2), and, on the other hand, the difference for specimen (3) was smaller than for specimens (1) and (2).
Test Results
Fig. 3 shows the test results. ISO 13934-2 states the following criteria for determining whether a test result is included or
excluded.
Jaw breaks
A break within 5 mm of the clamping line of the grips is a jaw break. If any jaw break result falls above the lowest “normal” break result, it can be included. Using a flat grip face, it was possible to conduct the tests without a jaw break. Table 3 summarizes the test results. In these tests, it was found that there was a difference in tensile strength between warp and weft directions for specimens (1) and (2), and, on the other hand, the difference for specimen (3) was smaller than for specimens (1) and (2).
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