{"id":16426,"date":"2024-09-19T11:07:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T09:07:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.shimadzu-testing.com\/?p=16426"},"modified":"2025-02-05T11:23:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:23:15","slug":"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camera-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/sk\/vediet-ako\/high-speed-video-camera\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camera-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillations\/","title":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdza oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubliniek vodnej pary pomocou vysokor\u00fdchlostnej videokamery - vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 zobrazovanie oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed sub-MHz-"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16426\" class=\"elementor elementor-16426\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e15197 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e15197\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c5eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8c5eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Abstrakt<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Lok\u00e1lnym zahrievan\u00edm odplynenej vody vznikaj\u00fa mikrobublinky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa tvoren\u00e9 najm\u00e4 vodnou parou, a okolo bubliniek sa vytv\u00e1ra siln\u00e9 pr\u00fadenie. Na z\u00e1znam bubliniek vodnej pary osciluj\u00facich pri frekvencii pribli\u017ene 0,5 MHz sa pou\u017eila vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e1 videokamera Hyper Vision\u2122 HPV\u2122-X2. To poskytlo cenn\u00e9 poznatky na sk\u00famanie vz\u0165ahu medzi oscil\u00e1ciou bubl\u00edn a vytv\u00e1ran\u00edm pr\u00fadenia.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efdf405 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efdf405\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>\u00davod<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa s mal\u00fdm mno\u017estvom tekutiny, sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa mikrofluidick\u00e9 zariadenia a s\u00fa \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v r\u00f4znych oblastiach. Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm mno\u017estva spracov\u00e1vanej tekutiny, napr\u00edklad pri biochemickej anal\u00fdze, je mo\u017en\u00e9 r\u00fdchlo vykona\u0165 anal\u00fdzu s mal\u00fdm objemom vzorky. Vplyv viskozity kvapaliny je v\u0161ak v mikrometrovom meradle v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, tak\u017ee st\u00e1le nie je jednoduch\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinne mie\u0161a\u0165 kvapaliny v \u00fazkom kan\u00e1liku.\nV ned\u00e1vnych spr\u00e1vach boli uveden\u00e9 pr\u00edklady mikrofluidickej prev\u00e1dzky s vyu\u017eit\u00edm fototermick\u00e9ho ohrevu a mikrobubliniek1)\n3). Ke\u010f sa laser zameria na tenk\u00fa vrstvu nano\u010dast\u00edc zlata alebo FeSi2 , svetlo sa absorbuje a premie\u0148a na teplo. Preto sa laserov\u00fd bod na tenkej vrstve m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 ako lok\u00e1lny zdroj tepla. Toto teplo vytv\u00e1ra vo vode mikrobublinky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa potom vystaven\u00e9 teplotn\u00e9mu gradientu. T\u00fdm sa na povrchu bubliny vytvor\u00ed gradient povrchov\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia, ktor\u00fd okolo nej generuje Marangoniho konvek\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00fad. Ak voda nem\u00e1\n \nodplynen\u00e1, v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 bublina je zlo\u017een\u00e1 preva\u017ene zo vzduchu, pri\u010dom konvekcia prebieha len v bl\u00edzkosti bubliny. Na druhej strane, ak bola voda odplynen\u00e1, vzniknut\u00e9 bubliny s\u00fa tvoren\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vodnou parou4)-6). Zistilo sa, \u017ee konvek\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00fady vyvolan\u00e9 v okol\u00ed bubliny s vodnou parou s\u00fa r\u00e1dovo r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako tie, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa v okol\u00ed vzduchovej bubliny. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 dosahuje r\u00e1dovo 1 m\/s v tesnej bl\u00edzkosti bubliny. O\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee tento jav bude u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd ako nov\u00e1 mikrofluidn\u00e1 technika riadenia a mie\u0161ania. Mechanizmus, ktor\u00fdm doch\u00e1dza ku konvekcii, v\u0161ak zatia\u013e nebol \u00faplne objasnen\u00fd.\nJedn\u00fdm zo zdrojov konvekcie v okol\u00ed bubl\u00edn vodnej pary je Marangoniho sila. Ide o strihov\u00fa silu generovan\u00fa gradientom povrchov\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facim z teplotn\u00e9ho gradientu. Av\u0161ak za predpokladu, \u017ee Marangoniho sila sama sp\u00f4sobuje konvekciu, je potrebn\u00fd teplotn\u00fd rozdiel viac ako 60 K v smere priemeru bubliny. Ke\u010f\u017ee priemer bubliny vodnej pary je pribli\u017ene 10 \u00b5m, je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 udr\u017ea\u0165 tam ve\u013ek\u00fd teplotn\u00fd rozdiel. \u010eal\u0161ou mo\u017enou pr\u00ed\u010dinou konvekcie je oscil\u00e1cia bubliny. Uv\u00e1dza sa, \u017ee bubliny osciluj\u00fa v subMHz rozsahu na z\u00e1klade zachyt\u00e1vania rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho svetla z bubl\u00edn. Na vyhodnotenie sily konvekcie sp\u00f4sobenej oscil\u00e1ciou bubl\u00edn je potrebn\u00e9 pozna\u0165 ve\u013ekos\u0165 a tvar bubliny v \u010dase. Frekvencia oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubl\u00edn vodnej pary je v\u0161ak vy\u0161\u0161ia ako r\u00fdchlos\u0165 be\u017enej kamery, \u010do s\u0165a\u017euje zachytenie ich pohybu. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku informujeme o \u00faspe\u0161nom pozorovan\u00ed oscil\u00e1cie t\u00fdchto bubl\u00edn vodnej pary pomocou kamery HPV-X2, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee zachyti\u0165 obraz r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a\u017e 10 Mfps.\n<br> <br>\n1 Katedra mikroin\u017einierstva, Vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola in\u017einierstva, Kj\u00f3tska univerzita<br>\n2 Solutions COE, div\u00edzia analytick\u00fdch a merac\u00edch pr\u00edstrojov, Shimadzu Corporation\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e70cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84e70cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Generovanie bubl\u00edn vodnej pary a detekcia oscil\u00e1cie bubl\u00edn pomocou rozptylu svetla 4), 6)<\/h2>\n<p>Najprv sa lok\u00e1lnym zahrievan\u00edm odplynenej vody vytvorili bubliny vodnej pary a potvrdilo sa, \u017ee okolo bubl\u00edn doch\u00e1dza ku konvekcii. Tenk\u00e1 vrstva nano\u010dast\u00edc zlata bola nanesen\u00e1 na sklenen\u00fd substr\u00e1t ako tenk\u00e1 vrstva na fototermick\u00fa konverziu. T\u00e1to tenk\u00e1 vrstva bola ponoren\u00e1 do v\u00e1kuovej ultrazvukom odplynenej vody a na vrstvu sa zameral CW laser s vlnovou d\u013a\u017ekou 785 nm.\nNa obr. 1 je zn\u00e1zornen\u00fd typick\u00fd mikroskopick\u00fd obraz bubliny a konvekcie pozorovanej okolo laserov\u00e9ho bodu na tenkom filme fototermickej konverzie. Bol pozorovan\u00fd z horizont\u00e1lneho smeru povrchu tenkej vrstvy. Mal\u00e1 \u010dierna gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dka vidite\u013en\u00e1 nad laserov\u00fdm bodom alebo miestnym bodom ohrevu je vytvoren\u00e1 bublina vodnej pary a bodky v kvapaline s\u00fa polystyr\u00e9nov\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky pridan\u00e9 na vizualiz\u00e1ciu konvekcie. Na vizualiz\u00e1ciu trajekt\u00f3rie gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dok sa superponuje a zobraz\u00ed 100 sn\u00edmok zhotoven\u00fdch za 1 sekundu. Po vytvoren\u00ed bubliny sa odplynen\u00e1 voda zr\u00fdchlila v smere kolmom na povrch substr\u00e1tu, \u010d\u00edm vzniklo siln\u00e9 rota\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00fadenie.\nPotom sa vzniknut\u00e1 bublina pozorovala pri trochu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00ed. Na pozorovanie bubliny sa pou\u017eila \u0161tandardn\u00e1 vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e1 kamera, pri\u010dom sn\u00edmkov\u00e1 frekvencia bola nastaven\u00e1 na 100 kfps a expozi\u010dn\u00fd \u010das na pribli\u017ene 7 \u00b5s. V\u00fdsledky s\u00fa zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9 na obr. 2. Pribli\u017ene 50 \u00b5s po spusten\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia a vytvoren\u00ed bubliny bola zdanliv\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 bubliny pribli\u017ene 10 \u00b5m6). Pri laserovom o\u017earovan\u00ed trvaj\u00facom viac ako min\u00fatu sa zdanliv\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 bubliny nezmenila. Hoci sa bublina javila ako stabiln\u00e1, bez oh\u013eadu na to, ko\u013eko pokusov sa urobilo o zaostrenie sveteln\u00e9ho mikroskopu na bublinu, obrys bubliny sa nezaostril, ako je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9 na obr. 2. Predpokladalo sa, \u017ee je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee bublina kmit\u00e1 s peri\u00f3dou krat\u0161ou, ako je expozi\u010dn\u00fd \u010das fotoapar\u00e1tu.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6814408 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6814408\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ed5ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"44ed5ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig1-generation-of-water-vapor-bubbles-jsing-photothermal-conversion.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig1-generation-of-water-vapor-bubbles-jsing-photothermal-conversion\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 1 Generation of Water Vapor Bubbles Using Photothermal Conversion and Surrounding Convection\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnMS1nZW5lcmF0aW9uLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtanNpbmctcGhvdG90aGVybWFsLWNvbnZlcnNpb24uanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"615\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig1-generation-of-water-vapor-bubbles-jsing-photothermal-conversion-768x615.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16441\" alt=\"Obr. 1 Generovanie bubl\u00edn vodnej pary pomocou fototermickej konverzie a okolitej konvekcie\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 1 Generovanie bubl\u00edn vodnej pary pomocou fototermickej konverzie a okolitej konvekcie<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c37748 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c37748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig2-microscopic-image-of-a-water-vapor-bubble.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig2-microscopic-image-of-a-water-vapor-bubble\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 2 Microscopic Image of a Water Vapor Bubble (Exposure time: 7 \u00b5s)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnMi1taWNyb3Njb3BpYy1pbWFnZS1vZi1hLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"462\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig2-microscopic-image-of-a-water-vapor-bubble.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16440\" alt=\"Obr. 2 Mikroskopick\u00fd obraz bubliny vodnej pary (\u010das expoz\u00edcie: 7 \u00b5s)\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 2 Mikroskopick\u00fd obraz bubliny vodnej pary (\u010das expoz\u00edcie: 7 \u00b5s)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e991b0 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0e991b0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f87813 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f87813\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNajprv sa teda detekovalo svetlo rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 bublinami, aby sa zachytili ich oscil\u00e1cie. Na obr. 3 (a) je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma merania. Substr\u00e1t, na ktorom bola nanesen\u00e1 tenk\u00e1 vrstva na fototermick\u00fa konverziu (tenk\u00e1 vrstva FeSi2, 50 nm) a odplynen\u00e1 voda, bol uzavret\u00fd v sklenenej komore. Potom sa na tenk\u00fa vrstvu zameral CW laser, aby sa vytvorili bubliny vodnej pary. Pribli\u017ene 10 % laserov\u00e9ho svetla o\u017eiaren\u00e9ho na vytvorenie bubl\u00edn pre\u0161lo cez tenk\u00fa vrstvu a bolo o\u017eiaren\u00e9 na bubliny. Toto svetlo je rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 bublinou, ale jeho smer sa men\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti od ve\u013ekosti a tvaru bubliny. Preto bola foton\u00e1sobi\u010dov\u00e1 trubica (R928 vyroben\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Hamamatsu Photonics) nain\u0161talovan\u00e1 horizont\u00e1lne na povrch substr\u00e1tu cez objekt\u00edv. Pomocou tohto foton\u00e1sobi\u010da sa merala \u010dasov\u00e1 zmena intenzity rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho svetla vstupuj\u00faceho do objekt\u00edvu.\n\u010casov\u00e1 zmena intenzity detekovan\u00e9ho svetla je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e1 na obr. 3 (b). Os X predstavuje \u010das a os Y predstavuje intenzitu svetla. Intenzita svetla sa zrete\u013ene periodicky men\u00ed s frekvenciou 0,26 MHz. Ak bublina osciluje s touto frekvenciou, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee bublina osciluje pribli\u017ene dvakr\u00e1t po\u010das 7 \u00b5s expozi\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dasu kamery. In\u00fdmi slovami, d\u00e1 sa predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee oscil\u00e1cie bubliny nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 zachyti\u0165 typick\u00fdmi vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fdmi kamerami. \u010eal\u0161ie experimenty s r\u00f4znymi intenzitami lasera a ve\u013ekos\u0165ami \u0161kv\u0155n odhalili, \u017ee bubliny vodnej pary osciluj\u00fa pri frekvenci\u00e1ch od 0,1 do 0,7 MHz. Zistilo sa tie\u017e, \u017ee frekvencia oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubliny z\u00e1vis\u00ed od jej zdanliv\u00e9ho priemeru a \u010d\u00edm je priemer v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed, t\u00fdm je frekvencia oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubliny ni\u017e\u0161ia.\nTakto sa zachyten\u00edm rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho svetla z bubl\u00edn zistilo, \u017ee bubliny kmitaj\u00fa a existuje vz\u0165ah medzi ich zdanlivou ve\u013ekos\u0165ou a frekvenciou kmitania. Nie je v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9, ako bubliny kmitaj\u00fa. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee ve\u013ekos\u0165 bubl\u00edn sa nemen\u00ed periodicky, ale \u017ee sa m\u00f4\u017ee meni\u0165 ich tvar a poloha alebo v\u0161etky tieto vlastnosti s\u00fa\u010dasne. Na zachytenie tak\u00fdchto oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubl\u00edn r\u00e1dovo pod MHz kamerou je potrebn\u00e1 frekvencia sn\u00edmok pribli\u017ene 10-n\u00e1sobok frekvencie oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed. V d\u00f4sledku toho n\u00e1s zaujala vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e1 videokamera HPV-X2, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee zaznamena\u0165 a\u017e 10 Mfps.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca68498 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ca68498\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig3-Schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-capturing.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig3-Schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-capturing\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 3 (a) Schematic Diagram of an Optical System for Capturing Scattered Light from a Water Vapor Bubble(b) Time Variation of Detected Light Intensity\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnMy1TY2hlbWF0aWMtZGlhZ3JhbS1vZi1hbi1vcHRpY2FsLXN5c3RlbS1mb3ItY2FwdHVyaW5nLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1018\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig3-Schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-capturing-768x1018.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16442\" alt=\"Obr. 3 a) Sch\u00e9ma optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na zachyt\u00e1vanie rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho svetla z bubliny vodnej pary b) \u010casov\u00e9 zmeny intenzity detekovan\u00e9ho svetla\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 3 a) Sch\u00e9ma optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na zachyt\u00e1vanie rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho svetla z bubliny vodnej pary\n(b) \u010casov\u00e9 zmeny intenzity detegovan\u00e9ho svetla<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-703208e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"703208e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>3. Vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 zobrazovanie bubl\u00edn vodnej pary pomocou HPV-X2<\/h2>\n<p>Na zachytenie oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubl\u00edn vodnej pary, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa v odplynenej vode, sa uskuto\u010dnili experimenty na pozorovanie bubl\u00edn pomocou pr\u00edstroja HPV-X2. Sch\u00e9ma experiment\u00e1lneho usporiadania je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e1 na obr. 4. Najprv sa v sklenenej komore uzavrel sklenen\u00fd substr\u00e1t, na ktorom bola nanesen\u00e1 tenk\u00e1 vrstva na fototermick\u00fa konverziu (tenk\u00e1 vrstva FeSi2, 50 nm), a odplynen\u00e1 voda. T\u00e1 bola nastaven\u00e1 na mikroskop a na tenk\u00fa vrstvu fototermickej konverzie bol spoza sklenen\u00e9ho substr\u00e1tu zameran\u00fd CW laser (vlnov\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka: 830 nm, Thorlabs FPL830S). Zameranie lasera na tenk\u00fa vrstvu sa kontrolovalo pomocou kamery 1 (Baumer HXC20) zo smeru kolm\u00e9ho na povrch vrstvy. Vzniknut\u00e9 bubliny sa pozorovali horizont\u00e1lne od povrchu substr\u00e1tu pomocou kamery 2 (HPV-X2). Sn\u00edmkov\u00e1 frekvencia bola nastaven\u00e1 na 5 Mfps. Aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo zahrievaniu vzorky osvet\u013eovac\u00edm svetlom, ako osvet\u013eovacie svetlo sa pou\u017eil impulzn\u00fd laser (Cavitar, syst\u00e9m CAVILUX Smart) s vlnovou d\u013a\u017ekou 640 nm a \u0161\u00edrkou impulzu 20 ns. Spojen\u00edm HPV-X2 a pulzn\u00e9ho lasera na synchroniz\u00e1ciu \u010dasovania z\u00e1znamu a emisie sa dali \u013eahko z\u00edska\u0165 jasn\u00e9 obrazy. Okrem toho sa vyu\u017eit\u00edm re\u017eimu \u017eiv\u00e9ho n\u00e1h\u013eadu kamery mohla nastavi\u0165 poz\u00edcia pozorovania po\u010das sledovania vzorky kamerou, rovnako ako pri pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0161tandardnej kamery. Vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 sn\u00edmanie bubliny sa vykonalo nieko\u013eko sek\u00fand po za\u010dat\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia na generovanie bubliny. Preto sa predpokladalo, \u017ee pozorovan\u00e9 bubliny s\u00fa v kv\u00e1zi ust\u00e1lenom stave.\nNa obr. 5 je zobrazen\u00fd obraz bubliny vodnej pary nasn\u00edman\u00fd pomocou HPV-X2. Obr\u00e1zok bol zhotoven\u00fd z horizont\u00e1lneho smeru na povrchu substr\u00e1tu. Pod obrazom bubliny je vidie\u0165 zrkadlov\u00fd obraz bubliny odrazen\u00fd na povrchu substr\u00e1tu. Zachytenie oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubl\u00edn sa dosiahlo z\u00e1znamom pri r\u00fdchlosti 5 Mfps. Peri\u00f3da oscil\u00e1cie bubliny z\u00edskan\u00e1 pomocou HPV-X2 bola pribli\u017ene 2 \u00b5s, \u010do dobre s\u00fahlasilo s frekvenciou oscil\u00e1cie bubliny nameranou pomocou rozptylu svetla. Preto sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee jeden cyklus oscil\u00e1cie bubliny bol zachyten\u00fd pri dostato\u010dnej vzorkovacej frekvencii. Okrem toho toto pozorovanie uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee bubliny maj\u00fa tvar, ktor\u00fd sa pri raste roz\u0161iruje do strany k substr\u00e1tu (\u010das = 0,0 - 1,0 \u00b5s) a tvar, ktor\u00fd sa pri zmr\u0161\u0165ovan\u00ed roz\u0161iruje kolmo k povrchu substr\u00e1tu (\u010das = 1,2 - 1,8 \u00b5s). Zistilo sa tie\u017e, \u017ee ve\u013ekos\u0165 bubliny sa po\u010das peri\u00f3dy oscil\u00e1cie v\u00fdrazne men\u00ed a existuj\u00fa momenty, ke\u010f sa zmen\u0161\u00ed nato\u013eko, \u017ee je pre kameru nevidite\u013en\u00e1 (\u010das = 2,0 \u00b5s). Tieto v\u00fdsledky pom\u00e1haj\u00fa objasni\u0165 pr\u00edspevok oscil\u00e1cie k tvorbe konvekcie okolo bubl\u00edn.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f23780a e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f23780a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d40809 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d40809\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig4-schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-high-speed.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig4-schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-high-speed\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 4 Schematic Diagram of an Optical System for High-Speed Imaging of the Oscillations of Water Vapor Bubbles\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTYxMDgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnNC1zY2hlbWF0aWMtZGlhZ3JhbS1vZi1hbi1vcHRpY2FsLXN5c3RlbS1mb3ItaGlnaC1zcGVlZC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig4-schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-high-speed-768x534.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16108\" alt=\"Obr. 4 Sch\u00e9ma optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 zobrazovanie oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubl\u00edn vodnej pary\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 4 Sch\u00e9ma optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 zobrazovanie oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubl\u00edn vodnej pary<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edadbb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"edadbb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig5-high-speed-imaging-of-the-water-vapor-bubble-oscillation.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig5-high-speed-imaging-of-the-water-vapor-bubble-oscillation\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 5 High-Speed Imaging of the Water Vapor Bubble Oscillation\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnNS1oaWdoLXNwZWVkLWltYWdpbmctb2YtdGhlLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZS1vc2NpbGxhdGlvbi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig5-high-speed-imaging-of-the-water-vapor-bubble-oscillation-768x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16446\" alt=\"Obr. 5 Vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 sn\u00edmanie oscil\u00e1cie bubl\u00edn vodnej pary\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 5 Vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 sn\u00edmanie oscil\u00e1cie bubl\u00edn vodnej pary<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5760fdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5760fdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>4. Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok opisuje pozorovanie oscil\u00e1ci\u00ed bubl\u00edn vodnej pary pomocou vysokor\u00fdchlostnej videokamery HPV-X2. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali, ako sa men\u00ed ve\u013ekos\u0165 a tvar bubl\u00edn vodnej pary po\u010das jedn\u00e9ho cyklu oscil\u00e1cie. To n\u00e1s pribli\u017euje k pochopeniu princ\u00edpu konvekcie okolo bubl\u00edn vodnej pary. \u010eal\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvanie kamery HPV-X2 v bud\u00facnosti umo\u017en\u00ed objasni\u0165 javy, ktor\u00e9 sa predt\u00fdm \u0165a\u017eko vyhodnocovali, napr\u00edklad ako sa pohybuj\u00fa bubliny, ke\u010f sa s\u00fa\u010dasne vytv\u00e1ra viac bubl\u00edn, a \u010di medzi pohybmi bubl\u00edn doch\u00e1dza k nejak\u00fdm interakci\u00e1m. Okrem toho sa o\u010dak\u00e1va, \u017ee t\u00e1to met\u00f3da sa bude \u0161iroko vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 nielen na oscil\u00e1cie bubl\u00edn, ale aj na objasnenie javov pr\u00fadenia v mikro- a nanometrovej mierke, \u010d\u00edm sa vytvor\u00ed nov\u00e1 oblas\u0165 v\u00fdskumu.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-470ae23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"470ae23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>4. Odkazy <\/h2>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Strana 4\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>1) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Kimura, K., Suzuki, M.: Applied Physics Letters, 106 (4) (2015) 043101.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>2) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Kimura, K., Suzuki, M.: Applied Physics Letters, 108 (7) (2016) 071603.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>3) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, M.: Nanotechnology, 29 (6) (2018) 065201.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>4) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, M.: Scientific Reports, 7 (2017) 45776.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>5) Namura, K., Imafuku, S., Kumar, S., Nakajima, K., Sakakura, M., Suzuki, M.: Scientific Reports, 9 (1) (2019) 4770.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>6) Namura, K., Okai, S., Kumar, S., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, M.: Advanced Materials Interfaces, 7 (18) (2020) 2000483.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3655f6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3655f6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-167ca2b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"167ca2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb8546 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bb8546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stiahnite si<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6d12fc downloads-liste elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6d12fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation.pdf\">Pou\u017eitie: Anal\u00fdza oscil\u00e1cie bubl\u00edn vodnej pary pomocou vysokor\u00fdchlostnej videokamery<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82bcb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d82bcb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8957c7b elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8957c7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/tensile-test-of-plastics-with-automatic-extensometer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Sk\u00fa\u0161ka \u0165ahom plastu pomocou extenzometra (PDF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pri navrhovan\u00ed v\u00fdrobkov je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pozna\u0165 vlastnosti materi\u00e1lov.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[340,357],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-speed-video-camera","category-hpv-x2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Water Vapor Bubble Oscillation | High-Speed Imaging<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore how Shimadzu&#039;s HPV-X2 high-speed video camera captures sub-MHz 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