{"id":16426,"date":"2024-09-19T11:07:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T09:07:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.shimadzu-testing.com\/?p=16426"},"modified":"2025-02-05T11:23:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:23:15","slug":"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camera-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/ro\/stiti-cum\/high-speed-video-camera\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camera-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillations\/","title":{"rendered":"Analiza oscila\u021biilor bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 cu ajutorul camerei video de mare vitez\u0103 - Imagistica de mare vitez\u0103 a oscila\u021biilor de ordinul sub-MHz- -"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16426\" class=\"elementor elementor-16426\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e15197 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e15197\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c5eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8c5eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Rezumat<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u00cenc\u0103lzirea local\u0103 a apei degazate genereaz\u0103 microbulii, formate \u00een principal din vapori de ap\u0103, \u0219i creeaz\u0103 fluxuri puternice \u00een jurul bulelor. O camer\u0103 video de mare vitez\u0103 Hyper Vision\u2122 HPV\u2122-X2 a fost utilizat\u0103 pentru a \u00eenregistra bule de vapori de ap\u0103 care oscileaz\u0103 la aproximativ 0,5 MHz. Acest lucru a oferit informa\u021bii valoroase pentru investigarea rela\u021biei dintre oscila\u021bia bulelor \u0219i generarea fluxului.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efdf405 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efdf405\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Introducere<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Dispozitivele care manipuleaz\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi mici de lichid se numesc dispozitive microfluidice \u0219i sunt utilizate pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een diverse domenii. Prin reducerea cantit\u0103\u021bii de lichid manipulat, de exemplu, \u00een analiza biochimic\u0103, este posibil\u0103 efectuarea rapid\u0103 a unei analize cu un volum mic de prob\u0103. Cu toate acestea, efectul v\u00e2scozit\u0103\u021bii fluidului este semnificativ la scar\u0103 micrometric\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t nu este \u00eenc\u0103 u\u0219or s\u0103 se amestece eficient fluidele \u00eentr-un canal \u00eengust.\n\u00cen rapoartele recente, au fost raportate exemple de operare microfluidic\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103lzirea fototermic\u0103 \u0219i microbulile1)-\n3). Atunci c\u00e2nd un laser este focalizat pe un film sub\u021bire de nanoparticule de aur sau FeSi2, lumina este absorbit\u0103 \u0219i transformat\u0103 \u00een c\u0103ldur\u0103. Prin urmare, punctul laser de pe filmul sub\u021bire poate fi utilizat ca surs\u0103 local\u0103 de c\u0103ldur\u0103. Aceast\u0103 c\u0103ldur\u0103 genereaz\u0103 o microbul\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103, care este apoi supus\u0103 unui gradient de temperatur\u0103. Acest lucru creeaz\u0103 un gradient de tensiune superficial\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba bulei, care genereaz\u0103 un curent de convec\u021bie Marangoni \u00een jurul acesteia. \u00cen cazul \u00een care apa nu a\n \nfost degazat\u0103, bula rezultat\u0103 este compus\u0103 \u00een principal din aer, convec\u021bia produc\u00e2ndu-se numai \u00een vecin\u0103tatea bulei. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, dac\u0103 apa a fost degazat\u0103, bulele generate sunt compuse \u00een principal din vapori de ap\u01034)-6). \u0218i se constat\u0103 c\u0103 curen\u021bii de convec\u021bie indu\u0219i \u00een jurul unei bule de vapori de ap\u0103 sunt cu un ordin de m\u0103rime mai rapizi dec\u00e2t cei genera\u021bi \u00een jurul unei bule de aer. Viteza ajunge la 1 m\/s \u00een imediata vecin\u0103tate a bulei. Se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca acest fenomen s\u0103 fie util ca o nou\u0103 tehnic\u0103 de conducere \u0219i de amestecare microfluidic\u0103. Cu toate acestea, mecanismul prin care are loc convec\u021bia nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 complet elucidat.\nUna dintre sursele de convec\u021bie din jurul bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 este for\u021ba Marangoni. Aceasta este for\u021ba de forfecare generat\u0103 de gradientul de tensiune superficial\u0103 rezultat din gradientul de temperatur\u0103. Cu toate acestea, presupun\u00e2nd c\u0103 for\u021ba Marangoni provoac\u0103 singur\u0103 convec\u021bia, este necesar\u0103 o diferen\u021b\u0103 de temperatur\u0103 mai mare de 60 K \u00een direc\u021bia diametrului bulei. Deoarece diametrul bulei de vapori de ap\u0103 este de aproximativ 10 \u00b5m, este dificil s\u0103 se men\u021bin\u0103 o diferen\u021b\u0103 mare de temperatur\u0103 \u00een acest punct. O alt\u0103 cauz\u0103 posibil\u0103 a convec\u021biei este oscila\u021bia bulei. S-a raportat c\u0103 bulele oscileaz\u0103 \u00een domeniul sub-MHz pe baza capt\u0103rii luminii \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiate de bule. Pentru a evalua puterea convec\u021biei datorate oscila\u021biilor bulei, este necesar s\u0103 se cunoasc\u0103 dimensiunea \u0219i forma bulei \u00een timp. Cu toate acestea, frecven\u021ba de oscila\u021bie a bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 este mai mare dec\u00e2t viteza unei camere obi\u0219nuite, ceea ce face dificil\u0103 captarea mi\u0219c\u0103rii acestora. \u00cen acest articol, raport\u0103m despre observarea cu succes a oscila\u021biei acestor bule de vapori de ap\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd HPV-X2, care poate capta imagini la o vitez\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 Mfps.\n<br> <br>\n1 Departamentul de Microinginerie, \u0218coala Superioar\u0103 de Inginerie, Universitatea din Kyoto<br>\n2 Solutions COE, Analytical &amp; Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e70cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84e70cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Generarea bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 \u0219i detectarea oscila\u021biei bulelor utiliz\u00e2nd \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tierea luminii 4), 6)<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, au fost create bule de vapori de ap\u0103 prin \u00eenc\u0103lzirea local\u0103 a apei degazate \u0219i s-a confirmat apari\u021bia convec\u021biei \u00een jurul bulelor. O pelicul\u0103 sub\u021bire de nanoparticule de aur a fost depus\u0103 pe un substrat de sticl\u0103 ca o pelicul\u0103 sub\u021bire de conversie fototermic\u0103. Acest film sub\u021bire a fost scufundat \u00een ap\u0103 degazat\u0103 cu ultrasunete \u00een vid, iar un laser CW cu o lungime de und\u0103 de 785 nm a fost focalizat pe film.\nFig. 1 prezint\u0103 o imagine microscopic\u0103 tipic\u0103 a unei bule \u0219i a convec\u021biei observate \u00een jurul unui punct laser pe un film sub\u021bire de conversie fototermic\u0103. Aceasta a fost observat\u0103 din direc\u021bia orizontal\u0103 a suprafe\u021bei filmului sub\u021bire. Sfera neagr\u0103 mic\u0103 vizibil\u0103 deasupra punctului laser, sau punctul de \u00eenc\u0103lzire local\u0103, este bula de vapori de ap\u0103 generat\u0103, iar punctele din fluid sunt sferele de polistiren ad\u0103ugate pentru a vizualiza convec\u021bia. Pentru a vizualiza traiectoria sferelor, sunt suprapuse \u0219i afi\u0219ate 100 de imagini luate \u00een 1 secund\u0103. C\u00e2nd s-a format bula, apa degazat\u0103 a fost accelerat\u0103 \u00eentr-o direc\u021bie perpendicular\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba substratului, cre\u00e2nd un flux rota\u021bional puternic.\n\u00cen continuare, bula rezultat\u0103 a fost observat\u0103 sub o m\u0103rire ceva mai mare. Folosind o camer\u0103 standard de mare vitez\u0103 pentru a observa bula, rata cadrelor a fost setat\u0103 la 100 kfps, iar timpul de expunere la aproximativ 7 \u00b5s. Rezultatele sunt prezentate \u00een fig. 2. La aproximativ 50 \u00b5s, dup\u0103 \u00eenceperea iradierii laser \u0219i crearea bulei, dimensiunea aparent\u0103 a bulei era de aproximativ 10 \u00b5m6). Iradierea cu laser pentru mai mult de un minut nu a modificat dimensiunea aparent\u0103 a bulei. De\u0219i bula p\u0103rea stabil\u0103, indiferent de c\u00e2te \u00eencerc\u0103ri au fost f\u0103cute pentru a focaliza microscopul optic pe bul\u0103, conturul bulei nu a fost focalizat, dup\u0103 cum se arat\u0103 \u00een figura 2. S-a considerat c\u0103 acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 bula oscila la o perioad\u0103 mai scurt\u0103 dec\u00e2t timpul de expunere al camerei.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6814408 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6814408\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ed5ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"44ed5ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig1-generation-of-water-vapor-bubbles-jsing-photothermal-conversion.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig1-generation-of-water-vapor-bubbles-jsing-photothermal-conversion\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 1 Generation of Water Vapor Bubbles Using Photothermal Conversion and Surrounding Convection\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnMS1nZW5lcmF0aW9uLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtanNpbmctcGhvdG90aGVybWFsLWNvbnZlcnNpb24uanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"615\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig1-generation-of-water-vapor-bubbles-jsing-photothermal-conversion-768x615.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16441\" alt=\"Fig. 1 Generarea bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd conversia fototermic\u0103 \u0219i convec\u021bia \u00eenconjur\u0103toare\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1 Generarea bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd conversia fototermic\u0103 \u0219i convec\u021bia \u00eenconjur\u0103toare<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c37748 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c37748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig2-microscopic-image-of-a-water-vapor-bubble.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig2-microscopic-image-of-a-water-vapor-bubble\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 2 Microscopic Image of a Water Vapor Bubble (Exposure time: 7 \u00b5s)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnMi1taWNyb3Njb3BpYy1pbWFnZS1vZi1hLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"462\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig2-microscopic-image-of-a-water-vapor-bubble.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16440\" alt=\"Fig. 2 Imagine microscopic\u0103 a unei bule de vapori de ap\u0103 (timp de expunere: 7 \u00b5s)\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2 Imagine microscopic\u0103 a unei bule de vapori de ap\u0103 (timp de expunere: 7 \u00b5s)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e991b0 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0e991b0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f87813 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f87813\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDeci, mai \u00eent\u00e2i, lumina \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiat\u0103 de bule a fost detectat\u0103 pentru a surprinde oscila\u021biile bulelor. Fig. 3 (a) prezint\u0103 o schem\u0103 a m\u0103sur\u0103rii. Un substrat pe care a fost depus un film sub\u021bire de conversie fototermic\u0103 (film sub\u021bire FeSi2, 50 nm) \u0219i ap\u0103 degazat\u0103 a fost sigilat \u00eentr-o celul\u0103 de sticl\u0103. Apoi, un laser CW a fost focalizat pe filmul sub\u021bire pentru a produce bule de vapori de ap\u0103. Aproximativ 10 % din lumina laser iradiat\u0103 pentru producerea bulelor este transmis\u0103 prin filmul sub\u021bire \u0219i iradiat\u0103 pe bule. Aceast\u0103 lumin\u0103 este \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiat\u0103 de bule, dar direc\u021bia ei variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de m\u0103rimea \u0219i forma bulei. Prin urmare, un tub fotomultiplicator (R928 fabricat de Hamamatsu Photonics) a fost instalat orizontal pe suprafa\u021ba substratului prin intermediul unei lentile obiectiv. Cu ajutorul acestui tub fotomultiplicator, s-a m\u0103surat varia\u021bia temporal\u0103 a intensit\u0103\u021bii luminii \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiate care intr\u0103 \u00een lentila obiectivului.\nVaria\u021bia \u00een timp a intensit\u0103\u021bii luminii detectate este prezentat\u0103 \u00een Fig. 3 (b). Axa X reprezint\u0103 timpul, iar axa Y reprezint\u0103 intensitatea luminii. Intensitatea luminii variaz\u0103 \u00een mod clar periodic, cu o frecven\u021b\u0103 de 0,26 MHz. Dac\u0103 bula oscileaz\u0103 la aceast\u0103 frecven\u021b\u0103, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 bula oscileaz\u0103 de aproximativ dou\u0103 ori \u00een timpul de expunere de 7 \u00b5s al camerei. Cu alte cuvinte, este rezonabil s\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 oscila\u021biile bulei nu pot fi captate de camerele tipice de mare vitez\u0103. Experimentele ulterioare cu diferite intensit\u0103\u021bi ale laserului \u0219i dimensiuni ale spoturilor au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 bulele de vapori de ap\u0103 au oscilat la frecven\u021be cuprinse \u00eentre 0,1 \u0219i 0,7 MHz. S-a constatat, de asemenea, c\u0103 frecven\u021ba de oscila\u021bie a bulei depinde de diametrul s\u0103u aparent, iar cu c\u00e2t diametrul este mai mare, cu at\u00e2t frecven\u021ba de oscila\u021bie a bulei este mai mic\u0103.\n\u00cen acest fel, prin captarea luminii \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiate de bule, s-a constatat c\u0103 bulele oscilau \u0219i c\u0103 exista o rela\u021bie \u00eentre dimensiunea lor aparent\u0103 \u0219i frecven\u021ba de oscila\u021bie. Cu toate acestea, nu este clar cum oscileaz\u0103 bulele. Este posibil ca dimensiunea bulelor s\u0103 nu se schimbe periodic, dar forma \u0219i pozi\u021bia lor, sau toate aceste caracteristici, s\u0103 se schimbe \u00een acela\u0219i timp. Este necesar\u0103 o rat\u0103 de cadre de aproximativ 10 ori mai mare dec\u00e2t frecven\u021ba de oscila\u021bie pentru a capta astfel de oscila\u021bii ale bulelor de ordinul sub- MHz cu o camer\u0103. Ca urmare, HPV-X2, o camer\u0103 video de mare vitez\u0103 capabil\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 Mfps, ne-a atras aten\u021bia.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca68498 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ca68498\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig3-Schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-capturing.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig3-Schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-capturing\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 3 (a) Schematic Diagram of an Optical System for Capturing Scattered Light from a Water Vapor Bubble(b) Time Variation of Detected Light Intensity\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnMy1TY2hlbWF0aWMtZGlhZ3JhbS1vZi1hbi1vcHRpY2FsLXN5c3RlbS1mb3ItY2FwdHVyaW5nLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1018\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig3-Schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-capturing-768x1018.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16442\" alt=\"Fig. 3 (a) Diagrama schematic\u0103 a unui sistem optic pentru captarea luminii \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiate de o bul\u0103 de vapori de ap\u0103 (b) Varia\u021bia \u00een timp a intensit\u0103\u021bii luminii detectate\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 3 (a) Diagrama schematic\u0103 a unui sistem optic pentru captarea luminii \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiate de o bul\u0103 de vapori de ap\u0103\n(b) Varia\u021bia \u00een timp a intensit\u0103\u021bii luminii detectate<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-703208e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"703208e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>3. Imagistica de mare vitez\u0103 a bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 cu HPV-X2<\/h2>\n<p>Pentru a surprinde oscila\u021biile bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 produse \u00een apa degazat\u0103, au fost efectuate experimente pentru a observa bulele cu ajutorul unui HPV-X2. O schem\u0103 a configura\u021biei experimentale este prezentat\u0103 \u00een Fig. 4. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, un substrat de sticl\u0103 pe care a fost depus un film sub\u021bire de conversie fototermic\u0103 (film sub\u021bire FeSi2, 50 nm) \u0219i ap\u0103 degazat\u0103 a fost sigilat \u00eentr-o celul\u0103 de sticl\u0103. Aceasta a fost a\u0219ezat\u0103 pe un microscop, iar un laser CW (lungimea de und\u0103: 830 nm, Thorlabs FPL830S) a fost focalizat pe filmul sub\u021bire de conversie fototermic\u0103 din spatele substratului de sticl\u0103. Focalizarea laserului pe filmul sub\u021bire a fost verificat\u0103 cu ajutorul camerei 1 (Baumer HXC20) din direc\u021bia perpendicular\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba filmului. Bulele generate au fost observate orizontal de la suprafa\u021ba substratului cu ajutorul camerei 2 (HPV-X2). Rata cadrelor a fost setat\u0103 la 5 Mfps. Pentru a evita \u00eenc\u0103lzirea probei cu lumina de iluminare, ca lumin\u0103 de iluminare a fost utilizat un laser pulsat (Cavitar, sistemul CAVILUX Smart) cu o lungime de und\u0103 de 640 nm \u0219i o l\u0103\u021bime a impulsului de 20 ns. Prin conectarea unui HPV-X2 \u0219i a unui laser pulsat pentru sincronizarea \u00eenregistr\u0103rii \u0219i a timpului de emisie, au putut fi ob\u021binute cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 imagini luminoase. \u00cen plus, prin utilizarea modului live al camerei, pozi\u021bia de observare a putut fi ajustat\u0103 \u00een timp ce se vizualizeaz\u0103 e\u0219antionul cu camera, la fel ca \u00een cazul utiliz\u0103rii unei camere standard. Imaginea de mare vitez\u0103 a bulei a fost realizat\u0103 la c\u00e2teva secunde dup\u0103 \u00eenceperea radia\u021biei laser pentru generarea bulei. Prin urmare, s-a presupus c\u0103 bulele observate se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o stare cvasi-steady.\nFig. 5 prezint\u0103 o imagine a unei bule de vapori de ap\u0103 realizat\u0103 cu un HPV-X2. Imaginea a fost luat\u0103 din direc\u021bia orizontal\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba substratului. O imagine \u00een oglind\u0103 a bulei reflectat\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba substratului poate fi observat\u0103 sub imaginea bulei. Captarea oscila\u021biilor bulelor a fost realizat\u0103 prin \u00eenregistrarea la 5 Mfps. Perioada de oscila\u021bie a bulei ob\u021binut\u0103 cu ajutorul HPV-X2 a fost de aproximativ 2 \u00b5s, care a concordat bine cu frecven\u021ba de oscila\u021bie a bulei m\u0103surat\u0103 cu ajutorul \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tierii luminii. Prin urmare, se crede c\u0103 un singur ciclu de oscila\u021bie a bulei a fost capturat la o rat\u0103 de e\u0219antionare suficient\u0103. \u00cen plus, aceast\u0103 observa\u021bie a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 bulele au o form\u0103 care se extinde lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de substrat atunci c\u00e2nd cresc (timp = 0,0 - 1,0 \u00b5s) \u0219i o form\u0103 care se extinde perpendicular pe suprafa\u021ba substratului atunci c\u00e2nd se contract\u0103 (timp = 1,2 - 1,8 \u00b5s). S-a constatat, de asemenea, c\u0103 dimensiunea bulei variaz\u0103 semnificativ \u00een timpul perioadei de oscila\u021bie \u0219i c\u0103 exist\u0103 momente \u00een care aceasta scade suficient pentru a fi invizibil\u0103 pentru camer\u0103 (timp = 2,0 \u00b5s). Aceste rezultate ajut\u0103 la elucidarea contribu\u021biei oscila\u021biilor la formarea convec\u021biei \u00een jurul bulelor.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f23780a e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f23780a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d40809 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d40809\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig4-schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-high-speed.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig4-schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-high-speed\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 4 Schematic Diagram of an Optical System for High-Speed Imaging of the Oscillations of Water Vapor Bubbles\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTYxMDgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnNC1zY2hlbWF0aWMtZGlhZ3JhbS1vZi1hbi1vcHRpY2FsLXN5c3RlbS1mb3ItaGlnaC1zcGVlZC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig4-schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-high-speed-768x534.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16108\" alt=\"Fig. 4 Diagrama schematic\u0103 a unui sistem optic pentru imagistica de mare vitez\u0103 a oscila\u021biilor bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 4 Diagrama schematic\u0103 a unui sistem optic pentru imagistica de mare vitez\u0103 a oscila\u021biilor bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edadbb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"edadbb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig5-high-speed-imaging-of-the-water-vapor-bubble-oscillation.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig5-high-speed-imaging-of-the-water-vapor-bubble-oscillation\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 5 High-Speed Imaging of the Water Vapor Bubble Oscillation\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnNS1oaWdoLXNwZWVkLWltYWdpbmctb2YtdGhlLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZS1vc2NpbGxhdGlvbi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig5-high-speed-imaging-of-the-water-vapor-bubble-oscillation-768x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16446\" alt=\"Fig. 5 Imagini de mare vitez\u0103 ale oscila\u021biei bulei de vapori de ap\u0103\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 5 Imagini de mare vitez\u0103 ale oscila\u021biei bulei de vapori de ap\u0103<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5760fdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5760fdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>4. Concluzie<\/h2>\n<p>Acest articol descrie observarea oscila\u021biilor bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 cu ajutorul unei camere video de mare vitez\u0103 HPV-X2. Rezultatele au ar\u0103tat modul \u00een care dimensiunea \u0219i forma bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 se schimb\u0103 \u00een timpul unui singur ciclu de oscila\u021bie. Acest lucru ne aduce mai aproape de \u00een\u021belegerea principiului convec\u021biei \u00een jurul bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103. Utilizarea \u00een continuare a HPV-X2 \u00een viitor va permite elucidarea unor fenomene care anterior erau dificil de evaluat, cum ar fi modul \u00een care bulele se mi\u0219c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd sunt generate mai multe bule \u00een acela\u0219i timp \u0219i dac\u0103 exist\u0103 interac\u021biuni \u00eentre mi\u0219c\u0103rile bulelor. \u00cen plus, se preconizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 metod\u0103 va fi utilizat\u0103 pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 nu numai pentru oscila\u021biile bulelor, ci \u0219i pentru elucidarea fenomenelor de curgere la scar\u0103 micro \u0219i nanometric\u0103, stabilind astfel un nou domeniu de cercetare.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-470ae23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"470ae23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>4. Referin\u021be <\/h2>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Pagina 4\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>1) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Kimura, K., Suzuki, M.: Applied Physics Letters, 106 (4) (2015) 043101.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>2) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Kimura, K., Suzuki, M.: Applied Physics Letters, 108 (7) (2016) 071603.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>3) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, M.: Nanotechnology, 29 (6) (2018) 065201.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>4) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, M.: Scientific Reports, 7 (2017) 45776.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>5) Namura, K., Imafuku, S., Kumar, S., Nakajima, K., Sakakura, M., Suzuki, M.: Scientific Reports, 9 (1) (2019) 4770.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>6) Namura, K., Okai, S., Kumar, S., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, M.: Advanced Materials Interfaces, 7 (18) (2020) 2000483.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3655f6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3655f6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-167ca2b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"167ca2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb8546 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bb8546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Desc\u0103rcare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6d12fc downloads-liste elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6d12fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation.pdf\">Aplica\u021bie: Analiza oscila\u021biei bulelor de vapori de ap\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd o camer\u0103 video de mare vitez\u0103<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82bcb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d82bcb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8957c7b elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8957c7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/tensile-test-of-plastics-with-automatic-extensometer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u00cencercarea la trac\u021biune a plasticului cu extensometru (PDF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen\u021belegerea propriet\u0103\u021bilor materialelor este important\u0103 \u00een proiectarea produselor.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[340,357],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-speed-video-camera","category-hpv-x2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Water Vapor Bubble Oscillation | High-Speed Imaging<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore how Shimadzu&#039;s HPV-X2 high-speed video camera 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