{"id":16397,"date":"2024-09-19T10:29:21","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T08:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.shimadzu-testing.com\/?p=16397"},"modified":"2025-02-05T11:22:14","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:22:14","slug":"development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/ro\/stiti-cum\/high-speed-video-camera\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests\/","title":{"rendered":"Dezvoltarea unei abord\u0103ri holistice pentru m\u0103surarea for\u021bei \u0219i a deform\u0103rii \u00een \u00eencerc\u0103rile de trac\u021biune de mare vitez\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16397\" class=\"elementor elementor-16397\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e15197 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e15197\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c5eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8c5eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Utilizator<\/strong> <strong>Beneficii<\/strong><\/h2><ul><li>Compararea \u0219i dependen\u021ba sistemului HITS-T10 integrat \u0219i a tehnicilor suplimentare pentru m\u0103surarea for\u021belor \u0219i tensiunilor de testare, a deplas\u0103rilor \u0219i a deforma\u021biilor.<\/li><li>M\u0103surare inovatoare cu camera HPV-X2 \u0219i analiza DIC, cu ajutorul c\u0103reia se pot calcula tensiunile \u0219i deforma\u021biile reale de \u00eencercare.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c757c28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c757c28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Introducere<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u00cen industriile auto \u0219i aerospa\u021bial\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc adesea sarcini de impact cu rate ridicate de deformare, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t este necesar\u0103 o caracterizare a materialelor pe baz\u0103 dinamic\u0103 pentru a garanta propriet\u0103\u021bile de siguran\u021b\u0103 ale componentelor puternic \u00eenc\u0103rcate. \u00cen prezent, majoritatea pieselor exterioare sunt realizate din polimeri ranforsa\u021bi cu fibre (FRP), care prezint\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bi dependente de rata de deformare [1-3]. \u00cen acest scop, determinarea parametrilor caracteris- tici \u00een cadrul testelor de trac\u021biune la vitez\u0103 mare este o metod\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103. Deoarece FRP prezint\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 final\u0103 la trac\u021biune (\u03c3UTS) \u00een cre\u0219tere cu viteze de deformare mai mari, exist\u0103 un poten\u021bial ridicat \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te\neconomii de materiale \u0219i proiectare u\u0219oar\u0103. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, este necesar\u0103 o \u00een\u021belegere cuprinz\u0103toare a datelor care sunt m\u0103surate \u00een cadrul testelor de trac\u021biune de mare vitez\u0103. De obicei, for\u021ba de testare este furnizat\u0103 de o celul\u0103 de sarcin\u0103 piezo-electric\u0103, \u00een timp ce mi\u0219carea pistonului este \u00eenregistrat\u0103 de un senzor capacitiv. Acesta este, de asemenea, modul \u00een care se realizeaz\u0103 cu ma\u0219ina de testare la impact de mare vitez\u0103 HITS-TX, figura 1. \u00cen plus, HITS-TX ofer\u0103 un senzor suplimentar de deplasare a m\u00e2nerelor (GDS) pentru m\u0103surarea mi\u0219c\u0103rii epruvetei chiar \u00een interiorul m\u00e2nerelor \u0219i, prin urmare, excluz\u00e2nd influen\u021bele p\u0103r\u021bilor suplimentare din trenul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare. Acest lucru este \u00een conformitate cu cuno\u0219tin\u021bele existente privind oscila\u021biile \u0219i undele de tensiune din trenul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, care influen\u021beaz\u0103 semnalele de for\u021b\u0103 \u0219i deplasare \u00eenregistrate. [4,5]\nO provocare general\u0103 a \u00eencerc\u0103rii materialelor de mare vitez\u0103 este impactul care are loc \u00eentre dispozitivul de abordare \u0219i pistonul actuatorului la \u00eenceputul \u00eencerc\u0103rii. Un dispozitiv de abordare este utilizat de obicei \u00een sistemele de mare vitez\u0103 pentru a accelera pistonul p\u00e2n\u0103 la viteza de \u00eencercare dorit\u0103, \u00eenainte ca proba s\u0103 fie \u00eenc\u0103rcat\u0103. Ca urmare a impactului din interiorul acestui dispozitiv, oscila\u021biile, care se deplaseaz\u0103 sub form\u0103 de unde de tensiune elastic\u0103, sunt transmise la trenul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare. Aceste unde sunt reflectate \u00een celula de sarcin\u0103 din partea inferioar\u0103 a sistemului de testare \u0219i, \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103, influen\u021beaz\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103torile for\u021bei \u0219i deplas\u0103rii. Pentru a evita sau cel pu\u021bin a reduce aceste oscila\u021bii, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se instaleze un mecanism de amortizare a aplic\u0103rii for\u021bei. \u00cen acest scop, se pot utiliza materiale sau geometrii diferite la nivelul suprafe\u021belor de contact, precum \u0219i instalarea de elemente de amortizare. Cu toate acestea, efectul amortiz\u0103rii nu ar trebui s\u0103 mai aib\u0103 nicio influen\u021b\u0103 asupra m\u0103sur\u0103rii la o sarcin\u0103 de 25% din limita de curgere [5].\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6728194 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6728194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Materiale \u0219i metode\n<\/strong><\/h2>\nPentru investiga\u021bii, se utilizeaz\u0103 un material compozit realizat din epoxid armat cu fibre de sticl\u0103 (GFR-EP), ca o bun\u0103 reprezentare a grupului de materiale men\u021bionat mai sus. Materialul este ranforsat cu fibre de sticl\u0103 bidirec\u021bionale \u00een orientarea 0\/90\u00b0. Pe baza mai multor studii, se a\u0219teapt\u0103 o dependen\u021b\u0103 pozitiv\u0103 de rata de deformare [1-3]. Geometria specimenului, figura 2, reprezint\u0103 o dezvoltare ulterioar\u0103 a geometriei specimenului \u0219i a fost special adaptat\u0103 la m\u0103surarea cu o camer\u0103 video de mare vitez\u0103. \u00cen detaliu, specimenul ofer\u0103 o sec\u021biune dinamometric\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 pentru a permite calcularea for\u021bei cu ajutorul corela\u021biei digitale a imaginilor (DIC).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c40aa19 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c40aa19\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3a6419 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c3a6419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig2-specimen-geometry.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig2-specimen-geometry\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Figure 2: Specimen geometry\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTYzMzYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL2RldmVsb3BtZW50LW9mLWEtaG9saXN0aWMtYXBwcm9hY2gtZm9yLWZvcmNlLWFuZC1zdHJhaW4tbWVhc3VyZW1lbnRzLWluLWhpZ2gtc3BlZWQtdGVuc2lsZS10ZXN0cy1maWcyLXNwZWNpbWVuLWdlb21ldHJ5LmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"313\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig2-specimen-geometry-768x313.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16336\" alt=\"Figura 2: Geometria specimenului\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 2: Geometria specimenului<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb0bc9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb0bc9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig3-test-setup-with-hpv-x2-camera.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig3-test-setup-with-hpv-x2-camera\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Figure 3: Test setup with HPV-X2 camera\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTYzMzcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL2RldmVsb3BtZW50LW9mLWEtaG9saXN0aWMtYXBwcm9hY2gtZm9yLWZvcmNlLWFuZC1zdHJhaW4tbWVhc3VyZW1lbnRzLWluLWhpZ2gtc3BlZWQtdGVuc2lsZS10ZXN0cy1maWczLXRlc3Qtc2V0dXAtd2l0aC1ocHYteDItY2FtZXJhLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig3-test-setup-with-hpv-x2-camera-768x400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16337\" alt=\"Figura 3: Configura\u021bie de testare cu camera HPV-X2\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 3: Configura\u021bie de testare cu camera HPV-X2<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3af3232 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3af3232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInstala\u021bia de testare (figura 3) const\u0103 \u00eentr-un sistem HITS-TX cu un senzor de curs\u0103 a pistonului, conectat la un controler de tip 4870, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un senzor suplimentar de deplasare a prinderii (GDS), precum \u0219i o camer\u0103 video de mare vitez\u0103 cu hiperviziune (HPV-X2, figura 4). \u00cen plus, sistemul HITS-TX ofer\u0103 diverse dispozitive de abordare pentru a adapta \u00een mod optim geometria \u0219i efectele de amortizare la viteza de testare selectat\u0103. Pe de o parte, exist\u0103 o versiune conic\u0103 cu dou\u0103 lungimi disponibile. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, poate fi utilizat\u0103 o versiune plat\u0103 a dispozitivului de abordare. \u00cen timp ce versiunea plat\u0103 este echipat\u0103 cu un cauciuc de absorb\u021bie a \u0219ocurilor, versiunile conice utilizeaz\u0103 suprafa\u021ba de contact pentru a absorbi for\u021bele de \u00eencercare, precum \u0219i o combina\u021bie de dou\u0103 inele de cauciuc pentru a preveni coliziunile multiple. Pe scurt, versiunea plat\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 fie utilizat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8 m\/s, \u00een timp ce versiunea conic\u0103 este apoi utilizat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 20 m\/s (72 km\/h). \u00cen aceast\u0103 lucrare, sunt efectuate teste de trac\u021biune la vitez\u0103 mare la 5, 6,5, 8 \u0219i 12 m\/s \u00een combina\u021bie cu versiunea plat\u0103 \u0219i conic\u0103 a dispozitivului de abordare. \u00cen conformitate cu [6], vitezele corespund unor rate nominale de deformare de 920, 1 200, 1 480 \u0219i 2 220 s-1. Pentru a ob\u021bine cele mai mari rate de \u00eenregistrare cu camera HPV-X2, este necesar un timp de expunere c\u00e2t mai scurt posibil. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, sunt instalate trei surse de lumin\u0103, un LED de mare putere cu 15 000 de lumeni chiar sub lentil\u0103 \u0219i dou\u0103 lumini HMI de 400 W fiecare, amplasate pe fiecare parte. O alt\u0103 provocare care apare la imagistica de mare vitez\u0103 este declan\u0219area camerei [7]. \u00cen acest scop, controlerul de tip 4870 al sistemului HITS-TX furnizeaz\u0103 un semnal TTL\n5 V, \u00een timp ce sincronizarea este controlat\u0103 prin cursa pistonului. Cu ajutorul unui semnal de sincronizare de la camera HPV-X2 la sistemul HITS-TX, au putut fi ob\u021binute rezultate repro- ducibile.\nDeoarece camera HPV-X2 are un tampon inelar limitat, num\u0103rul de imagini \u00eenregistrate la rezolu\u021bie maxim\u0103 este limitat la 128. Cu toate acestea, este posibil s\u0103 se seteze num\u0103rul de imagini la 256 atunci c\u00e2nd se utilizeaz\u0103 o interpolare special\u0103, ceea ce duce la o rezolu\u021bie general\u0103 mai mic\u0103. Prin urmare, este obligatoriu s\u0103 se cunoasc\u0103 durata exact\u0103 a testului \u0219i s\u0103 se seteze rata de \u00eenregistrare \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103. \u00cen acest caz, timpii de testare observa\u021bi sunt \u00eentre 100 \u0219i 200 \u03bcs, \u00een func\u021bie de viteza de testare. Timpii de testare de 200 \u03bcs corespund unei viteze teoretice maxime de \u00eenregistrare de 640.000 de cadre pe secund\u0103 (fps), cu condi\u021bia ca punctul de declan\u0219are \u00een timp s\u0103 fie setat perfect. Pentru a compensa abaterile \u00een timp, rata de \u00eenregistrare real\u0103 este setat\u0103 la 250 000 fps.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e696ce e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e696ce\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-919aaaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"919aaaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig4-high-speed-video-camera-hpv-x2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig4-high-speed-video-camera-hpv-x2\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Figure 4: High-speed video camera HPV-X2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTYzMzgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL2RldmVsb3BtZW50LW9mLWEtaG9saXN0aWMtYXBwcm9hY2gtZm9yLWZvcmNlLWFuZC1zdHJhaW4tbWVhc3VyZW1lbnRzLWluLWhpZ2gtc3BlZWQtdGVuc2lsZS10ZXN0cy1maWc0LWhpZ2gtc3BlZWQtdmlkZW8tY2FtZXJhLWhwdi14Mi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig4-high-speed-video-camera-hpv-x2-768x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16338\" alt=\"Figura 4: Camera video de mare vitez\u0103 HPV-X2\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 4: Camera video de mare vitez\u0103 HPV-X2<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21447e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"21447e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig5-test-forces-measured-by-cell-and-dic.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig5-test-forces-measured-by-cell-and-dic\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Figure 5: Test forces measured by load cell and DIC\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTYzMzksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL2RldmVsb3BtZW50LW9mLWEtaG9saXN0aWMtYXBwcm9hY2gtZm9yLWZvcmNlLWFuZC1zdHJhaW4tbWVhc3VyZW1lbnRzLWluLWhpZ2gtc3BlZWQtdGVuc2lsZS10ZXN0cy1maWc1LXRlc3QtZm9yY2VzLW1lYXN1cmVkLWJ5LWNlbGwtYW5kLWRpYy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"561\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig5-test-forces-measured-by-cell-and-dic-768x561.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16339\" alt=\"Figura 5: For\u021bele de testare m\u0103surate de celula de sarcin\u0103 \u0219i DIC\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 5: For\u021bele de testare m\u0103surate de celula de sarcin\u0103 \u0219i DIC<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f5d236 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8f5d236\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3066e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3066e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Rezultate \u0219i discu\u021bii<br \/><\/strong><\/h2><p>Pentru a determina propriet\u0103\u021bile materialelor \u00een cadrul testelor de mare vitez\u0103 \u00een general, pot fi utilizate diferite tehnici de m\u0103surare a deform\u0103rii, cum ar fi tensiometre, extensometre optice, sisteme laser sau camere de mare vitez\u0103 [6]. Prin analiza DIC suplimentar\u0103 a imaginilor de mare vitez\u0103, devine posibil\u0103 vizualizarea distribu\u021biei deforma\u021biilor pe \u00eentreaga epruvet\u0103. Acela\u0219i lucru este valabil \u0219i pentru m\u0103sur\u0103torile for\u021bei, care pot fi efectuate fie prin intermediul celulelor de sarcin\u0103 integrate \u00een sistem, fie prin tehnici f\u0103r\u0103 iner\u021bie.<\/p><h3>a.   M\u0103surarea for\u021bei<\/h3><p>Pentru a evalua calitatea m\u0103sur\u0103rii for\u021bei cu o celul\u0103 de sarcin\u0103, se face o compara\u021bie cu for\u021bele calculate prin analiza DIC \u0219i camera HPV-X2. O m\u0103sur\u0103toare precis\u0103 devine disponibil\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se proiecteaz\u0103 o sec\u021biune dinamo-metru pentru specimen. Prin urmare, pentru aceste investiga\u021bii este utilizat un specimen u\u0219or asimetric (<strong>Figura 5<\/strong>). Aceast\u0103 geometrie permite o m\u0103surare a deform\u0103rii \u00een sec\u021biunea de m\u0103surare \u0219i o m\u0103surare a for\u021bei \u00een sec\u021biunea dinamometrului cu analiz\u0103 DIC \u00een acela\u0219i timp.<\/p><p>\u00cen mod normal, sec\u021biunea dinamometrului este o zon\u0103 \u00een care nu are loc nicio deformare plastic\u0103. Transferat pentru FRP, se \u00een\u021belege o sec\u021biune \u00een care este permis\u0103 determinarea modulului Young. Deoarece determinarea modulului lui Young este permis\u0103 \u00een limitele de la 0,05 la 0,25% [8], se implementeaz\u0103 un modul variabil \u00een func\u021bie de deformarea total\u0103, care este adecvat pentru comportamentul viscoelastic al materialului GFR-EP. Astfel, for\u021ba, care apare efectiv pe e\u0219antion, poate fi determinat\u0103 prin \u03c3 = E\ua78f\u03b5 (Legea lui Hooke) \uf0e0 F = E\ua78f\u03b5\ua78fA. Cu toate acestea, modulul lui Young trebuie s\u0103 fie determinat pe o baz\u0103 dinamic\u0103, deoarece propriet\u0103\u021bile cvasi-statice ale materialului nu pot fi transferate la \u00eencerc\u0103ri de mare vitez\u0103. Prin urmare, singura posibilitate de a determina un modul Young corect este un calcul \u00een scurta perioad\u0103 de timp dintre impactul la dispozitivul de abordare \u0219i undele de tensiune elastic\u0103 care se deplaseaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 ajung la celula de sarcin\u0103 din partea inferioar\u0103 a sistemului de testare. \u00cen plus, este important s\u0103 se fac\u0103 o medie a deform\u0103rii m\u0103surate \u00een sec\u021biunea dinamometrului pe aceea\u0219i l\u0103\u021bime a epruvetei, la care se refer\u0103 sec\u021biunea transversal\u0103 A.<\/p><p><strong>Figura 5 <\/strong>arat\u0103 compararea for\u021belor de \u00eencercare m\u0103surate cu ajutorul celulei de sarcin\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de DIC, atunci c\u00e2nd se utilizeaz\u0103 un dispozitiv de abordare conic \u0219i o vitez\u0103 de \u00eencercare de 8 m\/s. Modulul variabil men\u021bionat mai sus este legat de evolu\u021bia deforma\u021biei medii (caseta albastr\u0103) de la 0 la 0,8% pe parcursul \u00eentregului test.<\/p><p>Se poate observa c\u0103 cele dou\u0103 curbe nu difer\u0103 foarte mult, ceea ce conduce la presupunerea c\u0103 \u0219i utilizarea celulei de sarcin\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 nicio tehnic\u0103 de m\u0103surare suplimentar\u0103 este eficient\u0103. Cu for\u021be de \u00eencercare mai mari, exist\u0103 abateri cauzate de for\u021bele oscilante \u0219i de undele de tensiune reflectate \u00een trenul de sarcin\u0103. La \u00eenceputul testului, undele de tensiune sunt induse \u00een trenul de sarcin\u0103, ceea ce duce la oscila\u021bii ale semnalului de for\u021b\u0103, a\u0219a cum se observ\u0103 \u00eentre 25 \u0219i 75 \u03bcs. Pe parcursul testului, aceste unde de solicitare se deplaseaz\u0103 prin trenul de sarcin\u0103 \u0219i celula de sarcin\u0103, unde sunt reflectate. \u00cen func\u021bie de defazare \u0219i amplitudine, undele se pot anula reciproc sau se pot amplifica, ceea ce, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, duce la devia\u021bii fluctuante ale semnalului de for\u021b\u0103, a\u0219a cum se observ\u0103 \u00eentre 75 \u0219i 125 \u03bcs. Acest lucru arat\u0103 c\u0103 m\u0103surarea for\u021bei prin analiza DIC este adesea esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru a ob\u021bine rezultate fiabile. Astfel, propagarea \u0219i interferen\u021bele nu pot fi prezise \u0219i, prin urmare, utilizarea unui factor de corec\u021bie nu este eficient\u0103. Cu toate acestea, semnalul de for\u021b\u0103 este mai pu\u021bin influen\u021bat de undele de stres dec\u00e2t era de a\u0219teptat, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t este posibil s\u0103 se determine propriet\u0103\u021bile corecte ale materialului cu ajutorul celulei de sarcin\u0103 integrate. Prima explica\u021bie pentru acest comportament ar putea fi utilizarea gabaritului de abordare conic\u0103, deoarece acesta nu con\u021bine un inel de cauciuc. Prin urmare, nu sunt de a\u0219teptat influen\u021be asupra propriet\u0103\u021bilor materialului, \u00een special la \u00eenceputul testului. Cu toate acestea, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce testul avanseaz\u0103, influen\u021bele undelor de tensiune devin mai mari, deoarece acestea sunt reflectate la celula de sarcin\u0103.<\/p><h3>b.   M\u0103surarea deplas\u0103rii \u0219i a deform\u0103rii<\/h3><p>Cu configura\u021bia de testare prezentat\u0103, exist\u0103 mai multe tehnici disponibile pentru m\u0103surarea deform\u0103rii: Cursa pistonului, GDS \u0219i DIC. \u00cen timp ce cursa pistonului m\u0103soar\u0103 mi\u0219carea real\u0103 a pistonului \u00een partea superioar\u0103 a trenului de sarcin\u0103, GDS m\u0103soar\u0103 doar deplasarea dintre m\u00e2nere. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, cu analiza DIC, deplas\u0103rile \u0219i deforma\u021biile pot fi \u00eenregistrate direct pe epruvet\u0103.<\/p><p>Astfel, numai cu ajutorul analizei DIC este posibil\u0103 determinarea tulpinilor reale. Sunt de a\u0219teptat diferen\u021be \u00eentre aceste metode, care ar putea fi cauzate de urm\u0103toarele influen\u021be:<\/p><ul><li>Componente cu rigidit\u0103\u021bi diferite implicate \u00een trenul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare<\/li><li>Deformarea elastic\u0103 a componentelor din trenul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare<\/li><li>Efecte de amortizare prin compresie \u0219i propriet\u0103\u021bi de absorb\u021bie a for\u021bei ale cauciucului<\/li><li>M\u0103surarea distan\u021bei p\u00e2n\u0103 la<\/li><\/ul><p>Dup\u0103 cum se poate vedea \u00een <strong>Figura 6<\/strong>, efectele men\u021bionate mai sus ar putea duce la abateri semnificative \u00een curbele de deformare rezultate. Dup\u0103 cum era de a\u0219teptat, senzorul cursei pistonului este destul de liniar \u0219i difer\u0103 mult de celelalte curbe, deoarece majoritatea componentelor \u0219i deformarea acestora sunt incluse \u00een aceast\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103toare. \u00cen plus, impactul \u0219i coliziunile multiple cu jigul de abordare au putut fi \u00eenregistrate prin cursa pistonului. Abaterile dintre GDS \u0219i DIC sunt mici la tensiuni sc\u0103zute, dar cresc pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce timpul de testare avanseaz\u0103. Dar, dup\u0103 cum se poate observa \u00een sec\u021biunea m\u0103rit\u0103, pantele tangentelor aplicate \u00een limitele date sunt egale, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t GDS func\u021bioneaz\u0103 bine \u00een cazul tensiunilor mici, unde intr\u0103 \u00een calcul efecte precum \u00eencovoierea epruvetei, probleme de fixare sau joc.<\/p><p>Pentru a vizualiza distribu\u021bia deforma\u021biilor la nivelul epruvetei, <strong>Figura 7 <\/strong>arat\u0103 deformarea total\u0103 la diferite momente de testare. Este evident c\u0103 geometria probei func\u021bioneaz\u0103 bine, deoarece distribu\u021bia deforma\u021biilor \u00een sec\u021biunea de m\u0103surare este omogen\u0103. Cu toate acestea, poate fi observat\u0103 o distribu\u021bie neomogen\u0103 a deforma\u021biilor \u00een sec\u021biunea dinamometrului, care se datoreaz\u0103 orient\u0103rii bidirec\u021bionale a fibrelor. Deoarece epruveta este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din fibre continue, sarcina \u00een straturile de 0\u00b0 din mijlocul epruvetei este transferat\u0103 de la sec\u021biunea de m\u0103surare la sec\u021biunea dinamometric\u0103<\/p><p>\u00een timp ce fibrele exterioare sunt supuse unei for\u021be mai mici. Din aceste constat\u0103ri se poate concluziona c\u0103 orice m\u0103sur\u0103toare local\u0103 a deform\u0103rii, cum ar fi tensiometrele, nu va func\u021biona corect pentru m\u0103surarea for\u021bei \u00een sec\u021biunea dinamometrului, deoarece acolo se poate g\u0103si o distribu\u021bie neomogen\u0103 a deform\u0103rii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4582d44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4582d44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig7-specimen-strain-distribution-at-diff.-test-times.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig7-specimen-strain-distribution-at-diff.-test-times\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Figure7: Specimen strain distribution at diff. test times\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTYzNDEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL2RldmVsb3BtZW50LW9mLWEtaG9saXN0aWMtYXBwcm9hY2gtZm9yLWZvcmNlLWFuZC1zdHJhaW4tbWVhc3VyZW1lbnRzLWluLWhpZ2gtc3BlZWQtdGVuc2lsZS10ZXN0cy1maWc3LXNwZWNpbWVuLXN0cmFpbi1kaXN0cmlidXRpb24tYXQtZGlmZi4tdGVzdC10aW1lcy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"974\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig7-specimen-strain-distribution-at-diff.-test-times.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16341\" alt=\"Figura 7: Distribu\u021bia deform\u0103rii specimenului la diferite perioade de testare\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 7: Distribu\u021bia deform\u0103rii specimenului la diferite perioade de testare<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a0cd68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a0cd68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Concluzii \u0219i perspective\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u00cen cadrul acestei lucr\u0103ri la ma\u0219ina de testare a impactului de mare vitez\u0103 HITS-TX, a fost efectuat\u0103 o compara\u021bie a tehnicilor integrate \u00een sistem \u0219i a tehnicilor suplimentare pentru m\u0103surarea for\u021belor \u0219i deplas\u0103rilor de testare. \u00cen special ace\u0219ti doi parametri au fost defini\u021bi ca fiind critici, deoarece pot fi influen\u021ba\u021bi de oscila\u021bii, care sunt consecin\u021be ale impactului \u00een interiorul dispozitivului de abordare. Este prezentat\u0103 o m\u0103surare inovatoare cu ajutorul camerei HPV-X2 \u0219i al analizei DIC, cu ajutorul c\u0103reia pot fi calculate for\u021bele de testare reale \u0219i deforma\u021biile totale.\nS-a putut demonstra c\u0103 semnalul de for\u021b\u0103 al celulei de sarcin\u0103 prezint\u0103 doar mici abateri de la analiza DIC, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t generarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor materialelor este posibil\u0103 \u00een special cu tensiuni mici, ca \u00een cazul determin\u0103rii modulului. Aceast\u0103 procedur\u0103 poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru aplica\u021bii precum crearea de date privind materialele \u00een scopuri de simulare, \u00een special \u00een cazul \u00een care testarea componentelor la viteze mari sau \u00een regim de sarcin\u0103 de coliziune presupune costuri ridicate.\n\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te m\u0103sur\u0103torile de deplasare \u0219i deformare, a fost eviden\u021biat\u0103 o dependen\u021b\u0103 clar\u0103 de utilizarea tehnicii de m\u0103surare adecvate. \u00cen cazul \u00een care GDS poate fi utilizat la tensiuni sc\u0103zute, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se utilizeze analiza DIC pentru determinarea tensiunilor totale la ruperea probei. Cu ajutorul DIC, ar putea fi realizate, de asemenea, o m\u0103surare local\u0103 a deforma\u021biilor \u0219i o distribu\u021bie a deforma\u021biilor pe \u00eentreaga epruvet\u0103. Datorit\u0103 declan\u0219\u0103rii \u0219i sincroniz\u0103rii prin conectarea HPV-X2 \u0219i HITS-TX, se asigur\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna un num\u0103r suficient de imagini pentru evaluarea deforma\u021biilor, precum \u0219i o analiz\u0103 confortabil\u0103 a datelor.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9f8cc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c9f8cc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig6-displacements-measured-by-piston-stroke-gds-and-dic.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig6-displacements-measured-by-piston-stroke,-gds-and-dic\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Figure 6: Displacements measured by piston stroke, GDS and DIC\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTYzNDAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL2RldmVsb3BtZW50LW9mLWEtaG9saXN0aWMtYXBwcm9hY2gtZm9yLWZvcmNlLWFuZC1zdHJhaW4tbWVhc3VyZW1lbnRzLWluLWhpZ2gtc3BlZWQtdGVuc2lsZS10ZXN0cy1maWc2LWRpc3BsYWNlbWVudHMtbWVhc3VyZWQtYnktcGlzdG9uLXN0cm9rZS1nZHMtYW5kLWRpYy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/development-of-a-holistic-approach-for-force-and-strain-measurements-in-high-speed-tensile-tests-fig6-displacements-measured-by-piston-stroke-gds-and-dic-1024x470.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16340\" alt=\"Figura 6: Deplas\u0103ri m\u0103surate prin cursa pistonului, GDS \u0219i DIC\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Figura 6: Deplas\u0103ri m\u0103surate prin cursa pistonului, GDS \u0219i DIC<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12c872a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12c872a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>\uf0a7 Referin\u021be<br \/><\/strong><\/h2><p>[1] K. Naresh, K Shankar, B.S. Rao, R. Velmurugan: Efectul ratei ridicate de deformare asupra compozitelor laminate epoxidice ranforsate cu fibre de sticl\u0103 \/ carbon \/ hibrid. Composites Part B 100 (2016) 125-135.<br \/>doi: org\/10.1016\/j.compositesb.2016.06.007<br \/><br \/>[2] Y. Ou, D. Zhu, L. Huang, Y. Yao: Caracterizarea mecanic\u0103 a propriet\u0103\u021bilor la trac\u021biune ale compozitului din fibr\u0103 de sticl\u0103 \u0219i polimerul s\u0103u ranforsat (GFRP) sub diferite rate de deformare \u0219i temperaturi. Polimeri 8<br \/>(5) (2016) 1-16.<br \/>doi: 10.3390\/polym8050196<br \/><br \/>[3] J. M. L. Reis, F. L. Chaves, H. S. da Costa Mattos: Comportamentul la trac\u021biune al poliuretanului armat cu fibr\u0103 de sticl\u0103 la diferite rate de deformare. Materiale \u0219i proiectare 49 (2013) 192-196.<br \/>doi: 10.1016\/j.matdes.2013.01.065<br \/><br \/>[4] SAE J2749: \u00cencercarea la trac\u021biune cu vitez\u0103 mare de deformare a polimerilor.<br \/><br \/>[5] M. Keuerleber: Determination of Young's modulus of plastics at high strain rates by the example of PP (\u00een german\u0103), lucrare de doctorat, Stuttgart (2006).<br \/><br \/>[6] DIN EN ISO 26203-2: Materiale metalice - \u00cencerc\u0103ri de trac\u021biune la viteze mari de deformare - Partea 2: Sisteme de \u00eencercare servohidraulice \u0219i alte sisteme de \u00eencercare (\u00een limba german\u0103).<br \/><br \/>[7] Myslicki, S.; Ortlieb, M.; Frieling, G.; Walther, F.: Evaluarea de \u00eenalt\u0103 precizie a deform\u0103rii \u0219i a evolu\u021biei deterior\u0103rii materialelor compozite cu ajutorul camerelor de mare vitez\u0103, al impulsurilor de \u00eenalt\u0103 frecven\u021b\u0103 \u0219i al tehnicilor de corelare digital\u0103 a imaginilor. Materials Testing 57 (11-12) (2015) 933-941.<br \/>doi: org\/10.3139\/120.110813<br \/><br \/>[8] DIN EN ISO 527-1: Materiale plastice - Determinarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor la trac\u021biune - Partea 1: Principii generale (\u00een limba german\u0103).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03d8238 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"03d8238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-167ca2b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"167ca2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb8546 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bb8546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Desc\u0103rcare<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-951c335 downloads-liste elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"951c335\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/observing-the-failure-of-open-hole-cfrp-specimens-in-tensile-tests.pdf\">Aplica\u021bie: Observarea ruperii CFRP unidirec\u021bional \u00een cadrul testelor de trac\u021biune static\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-311c692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"311c692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a119d2d elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a119d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/tensile-test-of-plastics-with-automatic-extensometer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u00cencercarea la trac\u021biune a plasticului cu extensometru (PDF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Crash loads with high strain rates can often be found in automotive and aerospace industries, so that a material charac&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[340,357],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-speed-video-camera","category-hpv-x2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Force &amp; Strain Measurement in High-Speed Tensile Tests<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore Shimadzu&#039;s comprehensive method for measuring force and strain in high-speed tensile tests using the HPV-X2 camera for dynamic material analysis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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