{"id":15616,"date":"2024-09-18T07:49:41","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T05:49:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.shimadzu-testing.com\/?p=15616"},"modified":"2025-02-05T11:32:42","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:32:42","slug":"three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/en\/know-how\/bending-testing\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics\/","title":{"rendered":"Three-point Bending Flexural Test for Plastics"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"15616\" class=\"elementor elementor-15616\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e15197 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e15197\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c5eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8c5eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Based on their thermal properties and light weight, plastics have recently come to be used in a variety of applications and sectors, from small gears to airplane fuselages. A variety of tests must be performed to evaluate these materials, from tensile tests to flexural tests and compression tests. Of these, a flexural test is performed to examine material characteristics when flexed by an external force. Because components subject to an external force will flex in reaction to a bending moment, the flexural test is one of the most basic tests used to evaluate materials. Previous testing standards that define a three-point bending flexural test for plastics did not require the deflection-measuring system. As a result, tests detected specimen, instrument deflection and indenter depression together as a total, which is a method not suited to accurate measurements of flexural modulus of elasticity. Amended standards (ISO178:2010, Amd.1:2013 and JIS K 7171:2016)<\/p>\n<p>have been amended and include either use of a deflection-<\/p>\n<p>measuring system with &#8220;ISO 9513 Class 1&#8221; absolute accuracy of within 1 %, or use of compliance correction to remove testing machine deflection. A three-point bending flexural test was performed on PC, PVC, and GFRP specimens in compliance with the amended standards, where the flexural modulus of elasticity of each plastic was calculated using crosshead displacement, compliance correction and the deflection measuring instrument.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efdf405 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efdf405\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Measurement System<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Measurements were performed using an AGS-X Table-Top\nType Universal Testing Instrument and the deflectionmeasuring\nsystem with a measurement accuracy of within\n3.4 \u03bcm. The requirements of the amended standards when\nmean specimen thickness is 4 mm are shown in Fig. 1. The\nvalue relevant to flexural modulus calculation is 341 \u03bcm,\nwhere a deflection measuring instrument with absolute\naccuracy of 1 % of this value (3.4 \u03bcm) is required (Fig. 1\nshows the flexural modulus of elasticity calculated based\non the slope at two points, though the flexural modulus of\nelasticity could also be calculated based on the linear\nregression of the curve).\nTable 1, 2 and 3 show details of the instruments, specimens,\nand test conditions used. Fig. 2 shows the test apparatus\nlayout. The amended standards describe a method A that\nuses a constant test speed, and a method B that increases\nthe test speed after flexural modulus measurement. Test\nmethod A was used with GFRP that has a small maximum\nflexural strain, and test method B was used with PC and PVC\nthat have a large maximum flexural strain, and the test\nspeed changeover point was set at 0.3 % flexural strain.\nFurthermore, since the proportion of external force\naccounted for by shearing force increases when the span\nbetween supports is small*1, standards recommend the\nspan between specimen supports is 16 \u00b1 1 times the mean\nspecimen thickness.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-413e636 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"413e636\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2206f5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2206f5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-fig1-amended-standards-requirements.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-fig1-amended-standards-requirements\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 1 Amended Standards Requirements\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU2NTksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL3RocmVlLXBvaW50LWJlbmRpbmctZmxleHVyYWwtdGVzdC1mb3ItcGxhc3RpY3MtZmlnMS1hbWVuZGVkLXN0YW5kYXJkcy1yZXF1aXJlbWVudHMuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"821\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-fig1-amended-standards-requirements-768x821.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15659\" alt=\"Fig. 1 Amended Standards Requirements\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1 Amended Standards Requirements<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f029c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7f029c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-1-equipment-details.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-1-equipment-details\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Table 1 Equipment Details\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU2NjQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL3RocmVlLXBvaW50LWJlbmRpbmctZmxleHVyYWwtdGVzdC1mb3ItcGxhc3RpY3MtdGFibGUtMS1lcXVpcG1lbnQtZGV0YWlscy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"141\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-1-equipment-details-768x141.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15664\" alt=\"Table 1 Equipment Details\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Table 1 Equipment Details<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8890d93 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8890d93\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74217d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"74217d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-2-specimen-information.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-2-specimen-information\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Table 2 Specimen Information\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU2NjUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL3RocmVlLXBvaW50LWJlbmRpbmctZmxleHVyYWwtdGVzdC1mb3ItcGxhc3RpY3MtdGFibGUtMi1zcGVjaW1lbi1pbmZvcm1hdGlvbi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"670\" height=\"91\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-2-specimen-information.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15665\" alt=\"Table 2 Specimen Information\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Table 2 Specimen Information<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40d0ad1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"40d0ad1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-3-test-conditions.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-3-test-conditions\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Table 3 Test Conditions\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU2NjYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL3RocmVlLXBvaW50LWJlbmRpbmctZmxleHVyYWwtdGVzdC1mb3ItcGxhc3RpY3MtdGFibGUtMy10ZXN0LWNvbmRpdGlvbnMuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"151\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-3-test-conditions-768x151.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15666\" alt=\"Table 3 Test Conditions\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Table 3 Test Conditions<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-386b200 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"386b200\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Test Results<\/strong><\/h2>\nFig. 3 shows a flexural stress\/flexural strain curves. Flexural\nstrain on the horizontal axis was calculated based on results\nmeasured using the deflection-measuring system. The\ncurve shows a sudden decrease in flexural stress with GFRP,\nbut no sudden decrease in flexural stress with PC and PVC\nas these specimens did not break suddenly. Table 4 shows\nthe results obtained for flexural strength and flexural\nmodulus of elasticity for each material.\nTable 5 shows the comparison of flexural modulus of\nelasticity calculated based on the crosshead displacement,\ncompliance correction and the deflection-measuring\nsystem. The results show that the flexural modulus of\nelasticity is higher in order of the crosshead displacement,\nthe compliance correction, and the deflection-measuring\nsystem.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e696ce e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e696ce\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b38999 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5b38999\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-fig3-test-results.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-fig3 test results\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 3 Test Results\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU2NjEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL3RocmVlLXBvaW50LWJlbmRpbmctZmxleHVyYWwtdGVzdC1mb3ItcGxhc3RpY3MtZmlnMy10ZXN0LXJlc3VsdHMuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"568\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-fig3-test-results.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15661\" alt=\"Fig. 3 Test Results\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 3 Test Results<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21447e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"21447e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-fig4-flexural-stress-flexural-strain-curve-of-gfrp-flexural-strain-0-percent-to-3-percent.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-fig4-flexural-stress-flexural-strain-curve-of-gfrp-flexural-strain-0-percent-to-3-percent\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 4 Flexural Stress\/Flexural Strain Curve of GFRP\n(Flexural Strain 0 % to 3 %)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU2NjIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL3RocmVlLXBvaW50LWJlbmRpbmctZmxleHVyYWwtdGVzdC1mb3ItcGxhc3RpY3MtZmlnNC1mbGV4dXJhbC1zdHJlc3MtZmxleHVyYWwtc3RyYWluLWN1cnZlLW9mLWdmcnAtZmxleHVyYWwtc3RyYWluLTAtcGVyY2VudC10by0zLXBlcmNlbnQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"581\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-fig4-flexural-stress-flexural-strain-curve-of-gfrp-flexural-strain-0-percent-to-3-percent-768x581.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15662\" alt=\"Fig. 4 Flexural Stress\/Flexural Strain Curve of GFRP (Flexural Strain 0 % to 3 %)\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 4 Flexural Stress\/Flexural Strain Curve of GFRP\n(Flexural Strain 0 % to 3 %)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29f2526 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"29f2526\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c65de4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6c65de4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-Table-4-Test-Results.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-Table 4 Test Results\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Table 4 Test Results\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU2NjMsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL3RocmVlLXBvaW50LWJlbmRpbmctZmxleHVyYWwtdGVzdC1mb3ItcGxhc3RpY3MtVGFibGUtNC1UZXN0LVJlc3VsdHMuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"208\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-Table-4-Test-Results-768x208.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15663\" alt=\"Table 4 Test Results\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Table 4 Test Results<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1efbbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d1efbbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-5-comparison-of-flexural-modulus-of-elasticity-results-by-measurement-method-deflection-gpa.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-5-comparison-of-flexural-modulus-of-elasticity-results-by-measurement-method-deflection-gpa\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Table 5 Comparison of Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Results\nby Measurement Method Deflection [GPa]\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTU2NjcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL3RocmVlLXBvaW50LWJlbmRpbmctZmxleHVyYWwtdGVzdC1mb3ItcGxhc3RpY3MtdGFibGUtNS1jb21wYXJpc29uLW9mLWZsZXh1cmFsLW1vZHVsdXMtb2YtZWxhc3RpY2l0eS1yZXN1bHRzLWJ5LW1lYXN1cmVtZW50LW1ldGhvZC1kZWZsZWN0aW9uLWdwYS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"165\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics-table-5-comparison-of-flexural-modulus-of-elasticity-results-by-measurement-method-deflection-gpa-768x165.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15667\" alt=\"Table 5 Comparison of Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Results by Measurement Method Deflection [GPa]\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Table 5 Comparison of Flexural Modulus of Elasticity Results\nby Measurement Method Deflection [GPa]<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b837ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b837ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFlexural strains are compared in Fig. 4, which are calculated\nfrom the crosshead displacement and compliance\ncorrection, and the deflection-measuring system at the\ninitial period of test of GFRP. The blue line shows the\nmeasurement of crosshead displacement, the red line\nshows that with compliance correction and the black line\nshows that with the deflection-measuring system. The\ngraph shows that there are differences at the initial period\nof test.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1768880 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1768880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n\nPlastics were subjected to a three-point bending flexural\ntest with a method compliant with amended standards\n(ISO178:2010, Amd.1:2013 and JIS K 7171:2016). Results\nshowed the higher the flexural modulus of elasticity of\nmaterial in order of the measurement with the crosshead\ndisplacement, the compliance correction, deflectionmeasuring\nsystem. Furthermore, results showed that this\ndifference becomes larger for specimens with higher\nflexural modulus of elasticity. Exact measurement of\ndisplacement with a deflection-measuring system is\nrequired for a proper evaluation of materials in compliance\nwith the amended standards.\nThe equipment setup employed in this article can be used\nto perform three-point bending flexural tests of plastics in\ncompliance with the amended standards.\nReferences\n*1 Takashi Murakami, Shimadzu Review Vol. 71, issue 3\/4 (2014)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49c6ec6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"49c6ec6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-167ca2b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"167ca2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb8546 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bb8546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Download<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-951c335 downloads-liste elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"951c335\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\"><div class=\"section\"><div class=\"layoutArea\"><div class=\"column\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/three-point-bending-flexural-test-for-plastics.pdf\">Application: Three-point Bending Flexural Test for Plastics<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94085b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b94085b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Based on their thermal properties and light weight, plastics<br \/>\nhave recently come to be used in a variety of applications<br \/>\nand sectors, from small gears to airplane fuselages.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15660,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[347,336],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ags-x","category-bending-testing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Three-Point Bending Test for Plastics | ISO 178 Standard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover Shimadzu&#039;s three-point bending test for plastics, ensuring compliance with ISO 178 and JIS K 7171 standards for accurate flexural strength measurement.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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