{"id":16426,"date":"2024-09-19T11:07:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T09:07:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.shimadzu-testing.com\/?p=16426"},"modified":"2025-02-05T11:23:15","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T10:23:15","slug":"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camera-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/cz\/know-how\/high-speed-video-camera\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camera-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillations\/","title":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdza oscilac\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry pomoc\u00ed vysokorychlostn\u00ed videokamery - vysokorychlostn\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed oscilac\u00ed subMHz \u0159\u00e1du -"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16426\" class=\"elementor elementor-16426\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e15197 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e15197\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c5eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8c5eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Abstrakt<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>M\u00edstn\u00ed oh\u0159ev odplyn\u011bn\u00e9 vody vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed mikrobublinky tvo\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vodn\u00ed p\u00e1rou a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kolem nich siln\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed. K z\u00e1znamu bublinek vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry osciluj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159i frekvenci p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,5 MHz byla pou\u017eita vysokorychlostn\u00ed videokamera Hyper Vision\u2122 HPV\u2122-X2. To poskytlo cenn\u00e9 poznatky pro zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vztahu mezi oscilac\u00ed bublin a tvorbou proud\u011bn\u00ed.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efdf405 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efdf405\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>\u00davod<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pracuj\u00ed s mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm tekutiny, se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed mikrofluidn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a jsou \u0161iroce vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech. Zmen\u0161en\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9 tekutiny, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i biochemick\u00e9 anal\u00fdze, je mo\u017en\u00e9 rychle prov\u00e9st anal\u00fdzu s mal\u00fdm objemem vzorku. V mikrometrov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku je v\u0161ak vliv viskozity kapaliny v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, tak\u017ee st\u00e1le nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 kapaliny v \u00fazk\u00e9m kan\u00e1lku \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b m\u00edchat.\nV ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch byly uvedeny p\u0159\u00edklady mikrofluidn\u00edch operac\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm fototermick\u00e9ho oh\u0159evu a mikrobublin1)-.\n3). Kdy\u017e je laser zam\u011b\u0159en na tenkou vrstvu nano\u010d\u00e1stic zlata nebo FeSi2 , sv\u011btlo je absorbov\u00e1no a p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bno na teplo. Proto lze laserov\u00fd bod na tenk\u00e9 vrstv\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt jako lok\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroj tepla. Toto teplo vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ve vod\u011b mikrobubliny, kter\u00e9 jsou pak vystaveny teplotn\u00edmu gradientu. T\u00edm se na povrchu bubliny vytvo\u0159\u00ed gradient povrchov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00fd kolem n\u00ed generuje Marangoniho konvek\u010dn\u00ed proud. Pokud voda nem\u00e1\n \nodplyn\u011bna, je v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 bublina tvo\u0159ena p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vzduchem a ke konvekci doch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze v okol\u00ed bubliny. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, pokud byla voda odplyn\u011bna, jsou vznikl\u00e9 bubliny tvo\u0159eny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vodn\u00ed p\u00e1rou4)-6). A bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee konvek\u010dn\u00ed proudy vyvolan\u00e9 v okol\u00ed bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry jsou \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e proudy generovan\u00e9 v okol\u00ed bubliny vzduchu. V t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti bubliny dosahuj\u00ed rychlosti \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b 1 m\/s. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento jev bude u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd jako nov\u00e1 mikrofluidn\u00ed technika pohonu a m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed. Mechanismus, kter\u00fdm ke konvekci doch\u00e1z\u00ed, v\u0161ak dosud nebyl zcela objasn\u011bn.\nJedn\u00edm ze zdroj\u016f konvekce v okol\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry je Marangoniho s\u00edla. Jedn\u00e1 se o smykovou s\u00edlu generovanou gradientem povrchov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00fd je d\u016fsledkem teplotn\u00edho gradientu. Za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee Marangoniho s\u00edla sama o sob\u011b zp\u016fsobuje konvekci, je v\u0161ak zapot\u0159eb\u00ed teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 60 K ve sm\u011bru pr\u016fm\u011bru bubliny. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011br bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry je asi 10 \u00b5m, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 udr\u017eet zde velk\u00fd teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edl. Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou konvekce je oscilace bublin. Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee bubliny osciluj\u00ed v subMHz oblasti na z\u00e1klad\u011b zachycen\u00ed rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho sv\u011btla z bublin. Pro vyhodnocen\u00ed s\u00edly konvekce zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 oscilac\u00ed bublin je nutn\u00e9 zn\u00e1t velikost a tvar bubliny v \u010dase. Frekvence oscilac\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry je v\u0161ak vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rychlost typick\u00e9 kamery, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje zachycen\u00ed jejich pohybu. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku informujeme o \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed oscilac\u00ed t\u011bchto bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry pomoc\u00ed kamery HPV-X2, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee sn\u00edmat obraz rychlost\u00ed a\u017e 10 Mfps.\n<br> <br>\n1 Katedra mikroin\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University<br>\n2 Solutions COE, divize analytick\u00fdch a m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, Shimadzu Corporation\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e70cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84e70cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Generov\u00e1n\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry a detekce oscilace bublin pomoc\u00ed rozptylu sv\u011btla 4), 6)<\/h2>\n<p>Nejprve byly lok\u00e1ln\u00edm oh\u0159evem odplyn\u011bn\u00e9 vody vytvo\u0159eny bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry a bylo potvrzeno, \u017ee kolem bublin doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke konvekci. Na sklen\u011bn\u00fd substr\u00e1t byla nanesena tenk\u00e1 vrstva zlat\u00fdch nano\u010d\u00e1stic jako tenk\u00e1 vrstva pro fototermickou konverzi. Tato tenk\u00e1 vrstva byla pono\u0159ena do vakuov\u011b ultrazvukem odplyn\u011bn\u00e9 vody a na vrstvu byl zam\u011b\u0159en CW laser o vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce 785 nm.\nObr. 1 ukazuje typick\u00fd mikroskopick\u00fd obraz bublin a konvekce pozorovan\u00e9 kolem laserov\u00e9ho bodu na tenk\u00e9m filmu fototermick\u00e9 konverze. Byl pozorov\u00e1n z horizont\u00e1ln\u00edho sm\u011bru povrchu tenk\u00e9 vrstvy. Mal\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 kuli\u010dka viditeln\u00e1 nad laserov\u00fdm bodem nebo m\u00edstn\u00edm bodem oh\u0159evu je generovan\u00e1 bublina vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry a te\u010dky v kapalin\u011b jsou polystyrenov\u00e9 kuli\u010dky p\u0159idan\u00e9 pro vizualizaci konvekce. Pro vizualizaci trajektorie kuli\u010dek je p\u0159ekryto a zobrazeno 100 sn\u00edmk\u016f po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch b\u011bhem 1 sekundy. P\u0159i vzniku bubliny byla odplyn\u011bn\u00e1 voda urychlov\u00e1na ve sm\u011bru kolm\u00e9m k povrchu substr\u00e1tu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vzniklo siln\u00e9 rota\u010dn\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed.\nD\u00e1le byla vznikl\u00e1 bublina pozorov\u00e1na p\u0159i trochu v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed standardn\u00ed vysokorychlostn\u00ed kamery pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed bubliny byla sn\u00edmkov\u00e1 frekvence nastavena na 100 kfps a doba expozice na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7 \u00b5s. V\u00fdsledky jsou uvedeny na obr. 2. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 \u00b5s po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bubliny byla zd\u00e1nliv\u00e1 velikost bubliny asi 10 \u00b5m6). Laserov\u00e9 oza\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed po dobu del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jedna minuta zd\u00e1nlivou velikost bubliny nezm\u011bnilo. P\u0159esto\u017ee se bublina zd\u00e1la b\u00fdt stabiln\u00ed, bez ohledu na to, kolik pokus\u016f bylo u\u010din\u011bno o zaost\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho mikroskopu na bublinu, obrys bubliny se nepoda\u0159ilo zaost\u0159it, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr. 2. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo se, \u017ee je to zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee bublina kmit\u00e1 s periodou krat\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je expozi\u010dn\u00ed doba fotoapar\u00e1tu.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6814408 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6814408\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ed5ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"44ed5ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig1-generation-of-water-vapor-bubbles-jsing-photothermal-conversion.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig1-generation-of-water-vapor-bubbles-jsing-photothermal-conversion\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 1 Generation of Water Vapor Bubbles Using Photothermal Conversion and Surrounding Convection\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnMS1nZW5lcmF0aW9uLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtanNpbmctcGhvdG90aGVybWFsLWNvbnZlcnNpb24uanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"615\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig1-generation-of-water-vapor-bubbles-jsing-photothermal-conversion-768x615.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16441\" alt=\"Obr. 1 Generov\u00e1n\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry pomoc\u00ed fototermick\u00e9 konverze a okoln\u00ed konvekce\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 1 Generov\u00e1n\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry pomoc\u00ed fototermick\u00e9 konverze a okoln\u00ed konvekce<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c37748 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9c37748\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig2-microscopic-image-of-a-water-vapor-bubble.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig2-microscopic-image-of-a-water-vapor-bubble\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 2 Microscopic Image of a Water Vapor Bubble (Exposure time: 7 \u00b5s)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnMi1taWNyb3Njb3BpYy1pbWFnZS1vZi1hLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"462\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig2-microscopic-image-of-a-water-vapor-bubble.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16440\" alt=\"Obr. 2 Mikroskopick\u00fd obraz bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry (doba expozice: 7 \u00b5s)\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 2 Mikroskopick\u00fd obraz bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry (doba expozice: 7 \u00b5s)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e991b0 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0e991b0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f87813 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f87813\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNejprve bylo detekov\u00e1no sv\u011btlo rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 bublinami, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zachytit jejich oscilace. Obr. 3 (a) ukazuje sch\u00e9ma m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Podlo\u017eka, na n\u00ed\u017e byla nanesena tenk\u00e1 vrstva pro fototermickou konverzi (tenk\u00e1 vrstva FeSi2, 50 nm) a odplyn\u011bn\u00e1 voda, byla uzav\u0159ena ve sklen\u011bn\u00e9 cele. Pot\u00e9 byl na tenkou vrstvu zam\u011b\u0159en CW laser, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159il bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 % laserov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9ho za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bublinek pro\u0161lo tenkou vrstvou a bylo oz\u00e1\u0159eno na bublinky. Toto sv\u011btlo je bublinou rozpt\u00fdleno, ale jeho sm\u011br se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na velikosti a tvaru bubliny. Proto byla foton\u00e1sobi\u010dov\u00e1 trubice (R928 vyroben\u00e1 spole\u010dnost\u00ed Hamamatsu Photonics) instalov\u00e1na vodorovn\u011b na povrch substr\u00e1tu p\u0159es objektiv. Pomoc\u00ed tohoto foton\u00e1sobi\u010de byla m\u011b\u0159ena \u010dasov\u00e1 zm\u011bna intenzity rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho sv\u011btla vstupuj\u00edc\u00edho do objektivu.\n\u010casov\u00e1 zm\u011bna intenzity detekovan\u00e9ho sv\u011btla je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bna na obr. 3 (b). Osa X p\u0159edstavuje \u010das a osa Y intenzitu sv\u011btla. Intenzita sv\u011btla se z\u0159eteln\u011b periodicky m\u011bn\u00ed s frekvenc\u00ed 0,26 MHz. Pokud bublina osciluje s touto frekvenc\u00ed, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee b\u011bhem 7 \u00b5s expozi\u010dn\u00ed doby kamery osciluje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvakr\u00e1t. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee oscilace bubliny nelze zachytit typick\u00fdmi vysokorychlostn\u00edmi kamerami. Dal\u0161\u00ed experimenty s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi intenzitami laseru a velikostmi skvrn uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry osciluj\u00ed s frekvenc\u00ed od 0,1 do 0,7 MHz. Bylo tak\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee frekvence oscilac\u00ed bubliny z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jej\u00edm zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru, a \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je pr\u016fm\u011br, t\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je frekvence oscilac\u00ed bubliny.\nZachycen\u00edm rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho sv\u011btla z bublin tak bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee bubliny osciluj\u00ed a \u017ee existuje vztah mezi jejich zd\u00e1nlivou velikost\u00ed a frekvenc\u00ed oscilac\u00ed. Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9, jak bubliny kmitaj\u00ed. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee velikost bublin se nem\u011bn\u00ed periodicky, ale \u017ee se m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit jejich tvar a poloha, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u0161echny tyto vlastnosti sou\u010dasn\u011b. K zachycen\u00ed takov\u00fdch oscilac\u00ed bublin \u0159\u00e1du sub MHz kamerou je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed sn\u00edmkov\u00e1 frekvence p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b desetin\u00e1sobku frekvence oscilac\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku toho n\u00e1s zaujala vysokorychlostn\u00ed videokamera HPV-X2, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee zaznamen\u00e1vat a\u017e 10 Mfps.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca68498 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ca68498\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig3-Schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-capturing.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig3-Schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-capturing\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 3 (a) Schematic Diagram of an Optical System for Capturing Scattered Light from a Water Vapor Bubble(b) Time Variation of Detected Light Intensity\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnMy1TY2hlbWF0aWMtZGlhZ3JhbS1vZi1hbi1vcHRpY2FsLXN5c3RlbS1mb3ItY2FwdHVyaW5nLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1018\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig3-Schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-capturing-768x1018.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16442\" alt=\"Obr. 3 a) Sch\u00e9ma optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro zachycen\u00ed rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho sv\u011btla z bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry b) \u010casov\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh intenzity detekovan\u00e9ho sv\u011btla\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 3 (a) Sch\u00e9ma optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro zachycen\u00ed rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9ho sv\u011btla z bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry\n(b) \u010casov\u00e1 zm\u011bna intenzity detekovan\u00e9ho sv\u011btla<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-703208e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"703208e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>3. Vysokorychlostn\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje HPV-X2<\/h2>\n<p>K zachycen\u00ed oscilac\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch v odplyn\u011bn\u00e9 vod\u011b byly provedeny experimenty s pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm bublin pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje HPV-X2. Sch\u00e9ma experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je uvedeno na obr. 4. Nejprve byl sklen\u011bn\u00fd substr\u00e1t, na kter\u00e9m byla nanesena tenk\u00e1 vrstva pro fototermickou konverzi (tenk\u00e1 vrstva FeSi2, 50 nm), a odplyn\u011bn\u00e1 voda uzav\u0159ena ve sklen\u011bn\u00e9 cele. Ta byla um\u00edst\u011bna na mikroskop a na tenkou vrstvu fototermick\u00e9 konverze byl zpoza sklen\u011bn\u00e9ho substr\u00e1tu zam\u011b\u0159en CW laser (vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka: 830 nm, Thorlabs FPL830S). Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed laseru na tenkou vrstvu bylo kontrolov\u00e1no pomoc\u00ed kamery 1 (Baumer HXC20) ze sm\u011bru kolm\u00e9ho k povrchu vrstvy. Vznikl\u00e9 bubliny byly pozorov\u00e1ny horizont\u00e1ln\u011b od povrchu substr\u00e1tu pomoc\u00ed kamery 2 (HPV-X2). Sn\u00edmkov\u00e1 frekvence byla nastavena na 5 Mfps. Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku osv\u011btlovac\u00edm sv\u011btlem, byl jako osv\u011btlovac\u00ed sv\u011btlo pou\u017eit pulzn\u00ed laser (Cavitar, syst\u00e9m CAVILUX Smart) s vlnovou d\u00e9lkou 640 nm a \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou pulzu 20 ns. Propojen\u00edm HPV-X2 a pulzn\u00edho laseru pro synchronizaci \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1znamu a emise bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 snadno z\u00edskat jasn\u00e9 obrazy. Krom\u011b toho bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 s vyu\u017eit\u00edm re\u017eimu \u017eiv\u00e9ho n\u00e1hledu kamery nastavit polohu pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed vzorku kamerou, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed standardn\u00ed kamery. Vysokorychlostn\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed bubliny bylo prov\u00e1d\u011bno n\u011bkolik sekund po zah\u00e1jen\u00ed laserov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed bubliny. Proto se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee pozorovan\u00e9 bubliny jsou v kvazist\u00e1l\u00e9m stavu.\nNa obr. 5 je zobrazen sn\u00edmek bubliny vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd kamerou HPV-X2. Sn\u00edmek byl po\u0159\u00edzen z vodorovn\u00e9ho sm\u011bru na povrchu substr\u00e1tu. Pod obrazem bubliny je vid\u011bt zrcadlov\u00fd obraz bubliny odra\u017een\u00fd na povrchu substr\u00e1tu. Zachycen\u00ed oscilac\u00ed bublin bylo dosa\u017eeno z\u00e1znamem p\u0159i rychlosti 5 Mfps. Perioda oscilac\u00ed bublinek z\u00edskan\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed HPV-X2 byla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 \u00b5s, co\u017e dob\u0159e souhlasilo s frekvenc\u00ed oscilac\u00ed bublinek m\u011b\u0159enou pomoc\u00ed rozptylu sv\u011btla. Proto se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee jeden cyklus oscilace bublin byl zachycen p\u0159i dostate\u010dn\u00e9 vzorkovac\u00ed frekvenci. Krom\u011b toho toto pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee bubliny maj\u00ed tvar, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i r\u016fstu roz\u0161i\u0159uje do strany k substr\u00e1tu (\u010das = 0,0 - 1,0 \u00b5s), a tvar, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159uje kolmo k povrchu substr\u00e1tu (\u010das = 1,2 - 1,8 \u00b5s). Bylo tak\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee velikost bublin se b\u011bhem periody oscilac\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed a existuj\u00ed okam\u017eiky, kdy se zmen\u0161\u00ed natolik, \u017ee jsou pro kameru neviditeln\u00e9 (\u010das = 2,0 \u00b5s). Tyto v\u00fdsledky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed objasnit pod\u00edl oscilac\u00ed na vzniku konvekce v okol\u00ed bublin.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f23780a e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f23780a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d40809 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d40809\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig4-schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-high-speed.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig4-schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-high-speed\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 4 Schematic Diagram of an Optical System for High-Speed Imaging of the Oscillations of Water Vapor Bubbles\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTYxMDgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnNC1zY2hlbWF0aWMtZGlhZ3JhbS1vZi1hbi1vcHRpY2FsLXN5c3RlbS1mb3ItaGlnaC1zcGVlZC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig4-schematic-diagram-of-an-optical-system-for-high-speed-768x534.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16108\" alt=\"Obr. 4 Sch\u00e9ma optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro vysokorychlostn\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed oscilac\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 4 Sch\u00e9ma optick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro vysokorychlostn\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed oscilac\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edadbb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"edadbb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig5-high-speed-imaging-of-the-water-vapor-bubble-oscillation.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig5-high-speed-imaging-of-the-water-vapor-bubble-oscillation\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Fig. 5 High-Speed Imaging of the Water Vapor Bubble Oscillation\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTY0NDYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zaGltYWR6dS10ZXN0aW5nLmNvbVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMDlcL29zY2lsbGF0aW9uLWFuYWx5c2lzLW9mLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZXMtdXNpbmctaGlnaC1zcGVlZC12aWRlby1jYW1hcmEtaGlnaC1zcGVlZC1pbWFnaW5nLW9mLXN1Yi1taHotb3JkZXItb3NjaWxsYXRpb24tZmlnNS1oaWdoLXNwZWVkLWltYWdpbmctb2YtdGhlLXdhdGVyLXZhcG9yLWJ1YmJsZS1vc2NpbGxhdGlvbi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation-fig5-high-speed-imaging-of-the-water-vapor-bubble-oscillation-768x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-16446\" alt=\"Obr. 5 Vysokorychlostn\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed oscilace bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr. 5 Vysokorychlostn\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed oscilace bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5760fdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5760fdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>4. Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek popisuje pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed oscilac\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry pomoc\u00ed vysokorychlostn\u00ed videokamery HPV-X2. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, jak se m\u011bn\u00ed velikost a tvar bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry b\u011bhem jednoho cyklu oscilace. To n\u00e1s p\u0159ibli\u017euje k pochopen\u00ed principu konvekce v okol\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry. Dal\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed kamery HPV-X2 v budoucnu umo\u017en\u00ed objasnit jevy, kter\u00e9 bylo d\u0159\u00edve obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vyhodnotit, nap\u0159\u00edklad jak se bubliny pohybuj\u00ed, kdy\u017e je generov\u00e1no v\u00edce bublin najednou, a zda mezi pohyby bublin doch\u00e1z\u00ed k interakc\u00edm. Krom\u011b toho se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee tato metoda bude \u0161iroce vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na nejen pro oscilace bublin, ale tak\u00e9 k objasn\u011bn\u00ed jev\u016f proud\u011bn\u00ed v mikro- a nanometrov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vytvo\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e1 oblast v\u00fdzkumu.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-470ae23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"470ae23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>4. Odkazy <\/h2>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Strana 4\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>1) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Kimura, K., Suzuki, M.: Applied Physics Letters, 106 (4) (2015) 043101.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>2) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Kimura, K., Suzuki, M.: Applied Physics Letters, 108 (7) (2016) 071603.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>3) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, M.: Nanotechnology, 29 (6) (2018) 065201.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>4) Namura, K., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, M.: Scientific Reports, 7 (2017) 45776.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>5) Namura, K., Imafuku, S., Kumar, S., Nakajima, K., Sakakura, M., Suzuki, M.: Scientific Reports, 9 (1) (2019) 4770.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>6) Namura, K., Okai, S., Kumar, S., Nakajima, K., Suzuki, M.: Advanced Materials Interfaces, 7 (18) (2020) 2000483.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3655f6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3655f6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-167ca2b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"167ca2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bb8546 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2bb8546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">St\u00e1hnout<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6d12fc downloads-liste elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6d12fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/oscillation-analysis-of-water-vapor-bubbles-using-high-speed-video-camara-high-speed-imaging-of-sub-mhz-order-oscillation.pdf\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed: Anal\u00fdza oscilac\u00ed bublin vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry pomoc\u00ed vysokorychlostn\u00ed videokamery<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82bcb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d82bcb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8957c7b elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8957c7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/shimadzu-testing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/tensile-test-of-plastics-with-automatic-extensometer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Zkou\u0161ka plast\u016f v tahu pomoc\u00ed extenzometru (PDF)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t vlastnosti materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16106,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[340,357],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-high-speed-video-camera","category-hpv-x2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Water Vapor Bubble Oscillation | High-Speed Imaging<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore how Shimadzu&#039;s HPV-X2 high-speed video camera 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